some long commands don't deserve to be put into a function. i'm thinking of the usual only-useful-this-time one-shots like for (i in `{tail -4000 odd | tr ' ' '\012' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | sed 's/ *[0-9]+ //'}) { if (test -f $home/dict/$i) {echo strange} } although it's probably never going to be used again, sometimes one remembers "oh yes, i did something like that a while back" and it's nice if it hasn't gone forever. acme win is better than rio, where a reasonable amount of debug output causes all previously typed commands in that window to be lost. i'm sure there must be a better way. rog.