actually, i suspect that one subtle point here is that char in Plan 9 (and Inferno) C is always signed, which (i recall) ANSI C does not guarantee one way or the other. there is no warranty of fitness for purpose; some such thing. i can't be certain because my new C standard hasn't arrived owing to the application by my credit card company of AI for Internet sales. well, it's obvious the first thing a villain would buy is a copy of the C99 standard, isn't it?