> dd -if /dev/sdE0/data -of /dev/sdF0/data -bs 1048576 i was thinking about your technique, and it occured to me that this command is equvalent to for(;;) read(E0, buf, 1mb) write(F0, buf, 1mb) but if you wrote it like this dd -if data -bs 64k -count 20000 |dd -bs 64k -of ../sda1/data the read and write could be run in parallel, at the expense of a buffer copy. i didn't have anything except for some very fast (120mb/s) sas disks to test with, but even they showed 10% performance improvement. even at the expense of copies 0.01u 0.62s 11.63r rc -c dd -if data -bs 64k -count 20000 -of ../sda1/data 0.02u 0.97s 10.72r rc -c dd -if data -bs 64k -count 20000|dd -bs 64k -of ../sda1/data not all that impressive with my disks, perhaps this would show more improvement on normal disks. > fn chk { > for(i in sdE0 sdF0) dd -if /dev/$i/data -bs 1048576 -iseek $1 > -count 1 |md5sum > } i found this interesting, too. i wrote a short program using the threads library to do the reads and compares in parallel. in the process of writing that i realized that the md5sum is not necessary. a memcmp would do. i finished the program up (attached) and found that it performed pretty well. giving me ~123mb/s. that's about what these drives will do. but i was wondering why cmp would just work. it occurred to me that i could run the dds in parallel with a command like this cmp <{dd -if data -bs 64k -count 20000} <{dd -if ../sda1/data -bs 64k -count 20000} surprisingly, this was just as fast on my setup as the specalized program 0.07u 0.04s 10.65r 8.out -n 20000 data ../sda1/data ... 0.32u 0.26s 10.65r cmp /fd/7 /fd/6 clearly if the compare is more involved, like sha1sum, it would be more fruitful to use a modified version of the threaded program. (unless you see a way of parallelizing the cmp part of that command without byzantine contortions.) i ran this test and found a surprising speedup: 0.06u 0.03s 13.65r 8.out -sn 20000 data ../sda1/data ... i suspect there is something a bit amiss with time(1)'s accounting. i suppose that a motivated person could write a book on parallel programming with the shell. tony hoar would be proud. - erik