[Caml-list] Some things are more equal than others

[Caml-list] Some things are more equal than others

[Jim Farrand]

Silly newbie question coming up...

What's the difference between (=) and (==)?

I know that this is almost certainly a case of RTFM, but I can't seem to find 
the right place.  6.7.4 mentions "structural" and "physical" equality, but 
doesn't define either.

My guess is that "physical" equality is "are these the same object", and 
structural equality is "are these objects equivelent".  Hence:

# "Jim"=="Jim";;
- : bool = false
# "Jim"="Jim";;
- : bool = true€

I thought I'd better check I'm guessing right, or I will almost certainly 
fall over this sometime in the future.  :)

TIA,
Jim
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Re: [Caml-list] Some things are more equal than others

[Will Benton]

On Thu, 2001-11-08 at 12:34, Jim Farrand wrote:

> I know that this is almost certainly a case of RTFM, but I can't seem to find 
> the right place.  6.7.4 mentions "structural" and "physical" equality, but 
> doesn't define either.

Someone on the list will correct me if I'm wrong, but to clarify your
guess (which seems correct to me):  Physical equality is a pointer
comparison -- i.e. "do these objects occupy the same memory location".
I have assumed that, by "Structural equality", they mean *shallow*
equivalence -- i.e. "do these objects have the same structure, but not
necessarily the same content".  Is this correct?




wb

-- 
Will Benton      | "Nicht wie die Welt ist, ist das Mystische, 
willb@acm.org    |  sondern daß sie ist." --L. Wittgenstein
**GnuPG public key:  http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~willb/pubkey

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RE: [Caml-list] Some things are more equal than others

[Krishnaswami, Neel]

Will Benton [mailto:willb@cs.wisc.edu] wrote:
> On Thu, 2001-11-08 at 12:34, Jim Farrand wrote:
> > I know that this is almost certainly a case of RTFM, but I 
> > can't seem to find the right place.  6.7.4 mentions "structural" and 
> > "physical" equality, but doesn't define either.
> 
> Someone on the list will correct me if I'm wrong, but to clarify your
> guess (which seems correct to me):  Physical equality is a pointer
> comparison -- i.e. "do these objects occupy the same memory location".

This is correct. (The one filip is that for unboxed integers the
requirement is that the bit pattern in the words be the same, since 
they aren't pointers.)

> I have assumed that, by "Structural equality", they mean *shallow*
> equivalence -- i.e. "do these objects have the same structure, but not
> necessarily the same content".  Is this correct?

This is not so. Eg, 

# [1, 2, 3] = [1, 2, 3];;
- : bool = true;

# [1, 2, 3] = [1, 2, 8];;
- : bool = false;

What (=) does is rather like the Scheme equal? predicate. It 
walks down the structure of the two objects you are comparing, 
and makes sure that the whole thing is equal. This means that
you can trick it into hanging with recursive structures:

type foo = Foo of foo

let rec x = Foo x
let rec y = Foo y

Then the expression (x = y) will not terminate, since the (=)
predicate will loop as it chases pointers infinitely.


--
Neel Krishnaswami
neelk@cswcasa.com
 
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