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Message-Id: <20060726.141653.100091046.garrigue@math.nagoya-u.ac.jp>
To: carette@mcmaster.ca
Cc: AndreasRossberg@web.de, caml-list@inria.fr
Subject: Re: How do I achiece this, was Re: [Caml-list] Variance problem in
 higher-order Functors?
From: Jacques Garrigue <garrigue@math.nagoya-u.ac.jp>
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From: Jacques Carette <carette@mcmaster.ca>

> In other words, I want to be able to define
> module type Trans = functor(U:UPDATE) ->  functor(D:DOMAIN) -> sig ... end
> but none of my attempts have worked, even though the first-order code 

I think I have a solution, at least to your first post.
If I am right, what you need is to express that Bar's 2nd parameter
is a functor with input of type "DOMAIN with type kind = D.kind".
But you cannot use "with", because the functor type is defined as an
abrreviation. The trick is to wrap the module type definition in a
functor, and to use applicative types.

(* If we go higher order: *)
module UPDATE2(D0:DOMAIN) = struct
  module type S =
    functor(D:DOMAIN with type kind = D0.kind) -> sig
      type obj = D.foo
      val update : obj -> obj
    end
end

(* this is the same as the "updates" above, just wrapped in a module *)
module Bar(D:DOMAIN)(U:UPDATE2(D).S) = struct
    module U = U(D)
    let update x = U.update x
end

(* works as there are no restrictions *)
module T3 = Bar(Integer)(BadUpdate) ;;

(* and now this works! *)
module T2 = Bar(Rational)(DivisionUpdate) ;;

This trick of wrapping module types inside functors proves useful in
many situations, when you want to express sharing that cannot be
expressed by with alone.

Jacques Garrigue