typeclasses in OCaml

typeclasses in OCaml

[Peng Zang]

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Hi,

I have been using the Object system in OCaml for the equivalent functionality 
of haskell typeclasses for some time.  It allows nice things like:

  class type ['a] foldable = object
    method fold : 'z. ('z -> 'a -> 'z) -> 'z -> 'z
  end

  let forall (f:'a -> bool) (obj:'a #foldable) = 
    obj#fold (fun acc x -> acc && f x) true


Recently however, I tried to make a "mappable" class.  Something like:

  class type ['a] mappable = object('self)
    method map : 'z. ('a -> 'z) -> 'z 'self
  end

Which of course is invalid syntax.  However, I think the point is clear.  I 
want to specify the type of all container objects that can map their 
contents.  How do you specify this in OCaml?

I realize there are some inherent issues, eg. polymorphic classes are 
invarient.  So I'm willing to accept some limited use of magic as long as it 
can be hidden away and offer a type-safe interface.  Nevertheless, after half 
a day of trying, I cannot seem to figure this out.  I don't even know how to 
specify:

  "  a 'z version of 'self  "

In a syntactically correct way.  Is this possible?  Thank in advance,

Peng
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Re: [Caml-list] typeclasses in OCaml

[Jacques Garrigue]

From: Peng Zang <peng.zang@gmail.com>

> Recently however, I tried to make a "mappable" class.  Something like:
> 
>   class type ['a] mappable = object('self)
>     method map : 'z. ('a -> 'z) -> 'z 'self
>   end
> 
> Which of course is invalid syntax.  However, I think the point is clear.  I 
> want to specify the type of all container objects that can map their 
> contents.  How do you specify this in OCaml?
> 
> I realize there are some inherent issues, eg. polymorphic classes are 
> invarient.  So I'm willing to accept some limited use of magic as long as it 
> can be hidden away and offer a type-safe interface.  Nevertheless, after half 
> a day of trying, I cannot seem to figure this out.  I don't even know how to 
> specify:
> 
>   "  a 'z version of 'self  "
> 
> In a syntactically correct way.  Is this possible?  Thank in advance,
> 
> Peng

There is no way to specify "a 'z version of 'self", and this is the
reason you cannot do this in ocaml.

Even if you don't require structural polymorphism for your object type
(which you need here, since you want to write #mappable), there are
other difficulties related to recursive types having to be regular.

A classical workaround is to define map as a function using #fold and
cons:

let map cons f (o : 'a #foldable) =
  o#fold (fun x o' -> cons (f x) o')

Note that for this to work you need #fold to be the correct fold
(i.e. fold_right)

Hope this helps,

Jacques Garrigue

Re: [Caml-list] typeclasses in OCaml

[Peng Zang]

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On Friday 22 August 2008 10:57:53 pm Jacques Garrigue wrote:
> There is no way to specify "a 'z version of 'self", and this is the
> reason you cannot do this in ocaml.
>
> Even if you don't require structural polymorphism for your object type
> (which you need here, since you want to write #mappable), there are
> other difficulties related to recursive types having to be regular.
>
> A classical workaround is to define map as a function using #fold and
> cons:
>
> let map cons f (o : 'a #foldable) =
>   o#fold (fun x o' -> cons (f x) o')
>
> Note that for this to work you need #fold to be the correct fold
> (i.e. fold_right)
>
> Hope this helps,
>
> Jacques Garrigue


Yes this has been very helpful.  It's good to know I'm not just missing 
something.  I will use your workaround instead.  It makes perfect sense.  
There is nothing inherently special about mappable.  It is just a container 
that we can access the elements of (that's #foldable) and that has a 
constructor.  Thanks,

Peng
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