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ESMTP/TLS/DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384; 05 Jan 2021 12:22:05 +0100 From: Alan Schmitt To: "lwn" , "cwn" , caml-list@inria.fr, comp@lists.orbitalfox.eu Date: Tue, 05 Jan 2021 12:22:05 +0100 Message-ID: <877dord3xe.fsf@m4x.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=-=-=" Subject: [Caml-list] Attn: Development Editor, Latest OCaml Weekly News Reply-To: Alan Schmitt X-Loop: caml-list@inria.fr X-Sequence: 18343 Errors-To: caml-list-owner@inria.fr Precedence: list Precedence: bulk Sender: caml-list-request@inria.fr X-no-archive: yes List-Id: List-Help: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Owner: List-Archive: Archived-At: --=-=-= Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 SGVsbG8NCg0KSGVyZSBpcyB0aGUgbGF0ZXN0IE9DYW1sIFdlZWtseSBOZXdzLCBmb3IgdGhlIHdl ZWsgb2YgRGVjZW1iZXIgMjksIDIwMjANCnRvIEphbnVhcnkgMDUsIDIwMjEuDQoNClRhYmxlIG9m IENvbnRlbnRzDQrilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDi 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OCaml Weekly News

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Hello

Here is the latest OCaml Weekly News, for the week of December 29, 2020 to = January 05, 2021.

First release of Feat

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-first-release-of-feat/7033/1

Fran=C3=A7ois Pottier announced

A brief note to announce the first release of Feat: 

opam update
opam install feat

Feat is a library that offers support for counting, enumerating, and sampli= ng objects of a certain kind, such as (say) the inhabitants of an algebraic da= ta type.

Feat was inspired by the paper "Feat: Functional Enumeration of Algebraic T= ypes" by Jonas Dureg=C3=A5rd, Patrik Jansson and Meng Wang (2012).

More details can be found here:

https://gitlab.inria.fr/= fpottier/feat/

OCluster and OBuilder

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-ocluster-and-obuilder/7035/1

Thomas Leonard announced

I'm pleased to announce the first release of OCluster. A user can submit a build job (either a Dockerfile or an OBuilder spec) to the sch= eduler, which then runs the build on a worker machine, streaming the logs back to the client.

This is the build scheduler / cluster manager that we use for e.g. opam-repo-ci (whic= h you may have seen in action if you submitted a package to opam-repository recently).

See ocurrent/overview = for a quick overview of the various other CI services using it too.

To install and run the scheduler use e.g. 

opam depext -i ocluster
mkdir capnp-secrets
ocluster-scheduler \
  --capnp-secret-key-file=3D./capnp-secrets/key.pem \
  --capnp-listen-address=3Dtcp:0.0.0.0:9000 \
  --capnp-public-address=3Dtcp:127.0.0.1:9000 \
  --state-dir=3D/var/lib/ocluster-scheduler \
  --pools=3Dlinux-arm32,linux-x86_64

It will generate key.pem on the first run, as well as various = capability files granting access for workers and clients. You then copy each generated pool capability (e.g. pool-linux-x86_64.cap) to each machine you want in that pool, and run ocluster-worker pool-linu= x-x86_64.cap to start the worker agent. See the README for full details.

OBuilder is an alterna= tive to docker build. The main differences are that it takes a spec in S-expression format, which is easie= r to generate than a Dockerfile, handles concurrent builds reliably, and keeps copies of the log= s so that you still see the output even if someone else performed the same build step earlier and the r= esult is therefore taken from the cache.

It currently supports ZFS and Btrfs for storage (it needs cheap snapshots) = and runc for sandboxing builds. macos su= pport is under development, but not yet upstreamed. It should be fairly easy to add support for any platform th= at has some form of secure chroot.

OCluster supports monitoring with Prometheus, so you can see what the clust= er is doing:

3D"d=

Plotting 3D vectors

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/plotting-3d-vectors/7038/1

Andreas Poisel asked

I'm doing linear algebra with Owl. Owl-plplot works great for visualizing = 2D vectors, but it doesn't seem to capable of plotting 3D vectors.

I took a (fast) look at vanilla Plplot, Oplot, and the GNUplot bindings, but I didn't find a simple way to plot 3D vectors.

I don't need high quality plots, 3D surfaces, a lot of control or fancy fea= tures, just a coordinate system and some function to draw geometric primitives (points, lines, circl= es, etc.).

Did I miss anything or do I have to build this myself with the good old Gra= phics module?

Marshall Abrams replied

What kind of vector representation do you want? Just lines/arrows in 3D? = That's just a curve in 3D, so it should be possible with Owl and plplot, at least. Looks like it shou= ld be easy with oplot, too (but I haven't used oplot). There are some 3D Owl plplot examples, with so= urce code, on these pages:

https://ocaml.xyz/boo= k/visualisation.html

https://github.com/owlbarn/owl/wiki/Tutorial:-How-to-Plot-in-Owl%3F

https://github= .com/owlbarn/owl/wiki/Plot-Gallery

I don't know whether it will be easy to adapt them to your needs. I wrote = the last example on the last page above. It's a plot of a series 2D curves in 3D. Maybe some of the te= chniques can be adapted to your needs. (The code is a few years old. I'm not sure whether it works w= ith the current version of Owl.)

(If you end up having to use low-level bindings to plplot, oplot, etc. from= Owl, you might consider contributing a wrapper module that makes it easy to do the kind of plot you= want.)

Andreas Poisel then said

Thank you for your answer.

I'd just like to draw 3D vectors in a cartesian coordinate system. A plot = should look similar to this:

3D"800px-3D_Vector.svg.png"

I wouldn't even need arrows, simple lines would be ok.

Maybe there is a way to use one of the 3D functions (Plot.surf= , Plot.mesh, Plot.contour), but I can't figure it out.

Hezekiah Carty replied

It's been a while since I worked with plplot but what you showed should be = possible. The plline3 function allows you to plot line segments in 3d space. The function is setup to take multiple segments = in a single call. For a single segment each array would hold a single value. Colors can be set betw= een draw calls.

sanette also replied

in oplot, there is the Curve3d object that should do it, https://sanette.github.io/oplot/oplot/Oplot/Plt/index.= html#type-plot_object.Curve3d although it is quite rudimentary

Marshal determinism and stability

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/marshal-determinism-and-stabili= ty/7041/25

Deep in this thread, Bikal Lem mentioned and Rapha=C3= =ABl Proust described

Binary module of = data-encoding

Quick notes about this approach:

  • It is used extensively in the Tezos codebase. For data exchange (in the= p2p layer), for data at rest (configuration files), and for a mix of the t= wo (serialisation of economic protocol data which is both exchanged by peer= s and stored on disk).
  • It is flexible in that you have great control over the representation o= f data and the serialisation/deserialisation procedure. There is a medium-t= erm plan to allow even more control. For now you can decide, say, if 8 bool= eans are represented as one byte, 8 bytes, or 8 words (or something else al= together) (see code below).
  • Some of the responsibility for correctness rests upon your shoulders as= a user. E.g., when you encode a tuple, the left element must have either a= fixed length (e.g., be an int8, int32, etc., be a fixed-length string, or = be a tuple of fixed-length values) or be prefixed by a length marker (which= the library provides a combinator for). Most of the errors for this are ra= ised when you declare the encoding and a few are raised when you use the en= coding. I recommend writing some tests to check that your encodings accept = the range of values that you are going to throw at them.
  • The library is well tested: there are tests using crowbar to check that= encoding and decoding are actual inverse of each others.

Let me know if you have more questions. And in the meantime, here's two dif= ferent encodings for a tuple of 8 booleans: 

(* easy-encoding, produces 8 bytes *)
let boolsas8bytes =3D
   tup8 bool bool bool bool bool bool bool bool

(* v=
ery-compact encoding, produces 1 byte let boolsas1byte =3D
   conv
      (fun (b1, b2, b3, b4, =
b5, =
b6, b7, b8) ->
         let acc =3D 0 in
         let acc =3D =
if b1 then acc lor 0b10000000 els=
e acc in
         let acc =3D =
if b2 then acc lor 0b01000000 els=
e acc in
         let acc =3D =
if b3 then acc lor 0b00100000 els=
e acc in
         …
         acc)
      (fun i ->
         let b1 =3D i land 0b10000000 <> 0 in
         let b1 =3D i land 0b01000000 <> 0 in
         let b1 =3D i land 0b00100000 <> 0 in
         …
         (b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8))
      uint8

In general, data-encoding is probably slower than marshal, but its strong p= oints are:

  • it offers some type guarantees,
  • it gives you some control over the representation of the data,
  • it allows you to define representations that are easy to parse in other= languages or in other versions of the same language,
  • it generates documentation about the data-representation.

It there a tutorial for js_of_ocaml with simple g= raphics?

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/it-there-= a-tutorial-for-js-of-ocaml-with-simple-graphics/4636/7

Deep in this thread, Phat Ky said

This is a really, really late reply but this youtube video was very helpful= to me … https://www.youtu= be.com/watch?v=3Dh_e5pPKI0K4

Interesting OCaml exercises from Fran=C3=A7ois Pottier availab= le online

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t= /interesting-ocaml-exercises-from-francois-pottier-available-online/7050/1<= /a>

gasche announced

The recent URL https://ocaml-sf.org/learn-ocaml-public/#activity%3Dexercises= contains auto-graded OCaml exercises, in particular a bunch of advanced and= fairly interesting exercices written by Fran=C3=A7ois Pottier, which I would recommend for any= one knowledgeable in OCaml and curious about algorithms and functional programming. (You have to scroll do= wn to see those, the exercises at the top come from the OCaml MOOC.)

See for example Fran=C3=A7ois' exercises on:

Context: the exercise platform is LearnOCaml, initially written by OCamlPro for the OCaml MOOC and maintaing by Yann R=C3=A9gis-Gia= nas (@yurug) on behalf of the OCaml Software Foundation. We (at the = Foundation) are trying to assemble a corpus of nice OCaml exercises for teachers and people self-studying, and t= he nice exercises by Fran=C3=A7ois Pottier (@fpottier) were written as part of this initiative.

Old CWN

If you happen to miss a CWN, you can send me a message and I'll mail it to you, or go take a loo= k at the archive or the RSS feed of the archives<= /a>.

If you also wish to receive it every week by mail, you may subscribe online.

Alan Schmitt

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