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OCaml Weekly News

Previous Week<= /a> Up Next Week

Hello

Here is the latest OCaml Weekly News, for the week of June 28 to July 05, 2= 022.

An amusing use of first-class modules: reading from plaintext = and compressed files

Archive: https://dis= cuss.ocaml.org/t/an-amusing-use-of-first-class-modules-reading-from-plainte= xt-and-compressed-files/10073/9

Continuing this thread, Ma=C3=ABlan asked and Simon C= ruanes replied

You got me curious: what=E2=80=99s the reason for using a first-class modul= e here instead of a record or an object?

Of course!

  • compared to records, I find first-class modules to be a lot more conven= ient for this use case. I still use records for d= ata, but a record-of-function is often less convenient. For example,= modules allow you to use include, they directly handle down-c= asting as a way to hide internal state (whereas for modules you need to clo= se over values created before the record); module types are structural, so = I don't need to worry about disambiguation, whereas records need more care = there. In terms of performance both seem exactly the same, from my toy benc= hmarks.
  • compared to objects, first-class modules are a bit less convenient (no = runtime-free cast, no true inheritance/mixin), but LSP and other tools are = fragile. In addition, invoking an object method seems to be roughly twice a= s slow as a record/module field access =E2=80=94 I suppose it's because the= latter is just an access via offset. That's on a micro benchmark so in rea= lity it might be worse.

Open Source tooling engineer at Jane Street

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/job-open-source-t= ooling-engineer-at-jane-street/10083/1

Yaron Minsky announced

We're looking to hire someone to join our build-systems team with a focus o= n open-source tooling. We currently release almost a million lines of code of our internal libraries and tools,= including things like Sexplib, Base, Core, Async, Incremental, Bonsai, Hardcaml, memtrace-viewer, and patdiff.

We have internal tooling for moving code from our internal repositories to = Github and for publishing to opam, and for ferrying information back from Github to our internal tools, so that develo= pers can more easily and promptly respond to PRs and issues coming from the outside.

We want to make open-sourcing our code better and faster, so it's easier fo= r us to work with outside contributors, and improvements can get out to the community more quickly. Your work would= be to make our releases delightfully easy and reliable!

I wrote a bit more about it here:

https://twitter.com/yminsky/status/1536766031= 313739776?s=3D20&t=3DsCyUlHGHO1y3znBh4pl0Xw

If you're interested, go ahead and make an ordinary application to our software engineering role, and mention that you're interested in "op= en-source tooling". We're happy to hire for this role in both London and New York.

Dune how to define custom build task

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/dune-how-to-define-custom-bu= ild-task/10092/1

cnmade explained

dune has very powerful extensions, but the documentation doesn't tell you d= irectly. Today I'll share a specific example of how we can make dune do many things with a dune configuration.

For example

  • Publish compiled documents to our documentation server
  • Sending email notifications to email groups
  • Sending SMS notifications to administrators
  • Build a document and open a browser to preview the document page

Let's start with an example, we create a dune file in the root directory of= our project, which you may not have originally, you have to create a new one, we enter the following 

; now we tell you how to define a custom rule
; rule start with (rule )
(rule
; (alias is point  the command name , so you can run this rule by call  dun=
e build @docopen
 (alias docopen)
 ; following line is very important, it tell dune do not cache this build c=
ommand, so it will running every call
without any cache
 (deps (universe))
 ; action  (system  to told system run command by `sh` in your Linux/MacOS,=
 windows user may running cmd.exe
 ; cd ../.. is change the base directory of the running command ,or the def=
ault directory will be _build/default
 (action (system "cd ../.. && pwd &&  dune build @doc &=
& open _build/default/_doc/_html/index.html" ))
)
; end of one piece of rule

; and we define more and more rule as we want
(rule
  (alias whoami)
  (deps (universe))
  (action (system "uname -a;whoami"))
)

In this example, we define two rules, the rules are the tasks that dune can= recognize, in dune, it is called rules

Because it is a custom build command, we use alias to take a unique and non= -repeating alias.

The first build command is to build the document and open the browser previ= ew.

Our alias is docopen

Then deps we add universe to tell dune that you don't want to cache and giv= e me a new build every time. If you don't add this line, dune will only give you one build, and then because of the c= ache, you won't be able to execute it later.

action following by system here, action is the command to start, system m= eans to use the system shell (windows is cmd, linux macos is sh) to give you the execution of the code you specify.

You can see the first we are first change the directory to the project root= directory [because the default directory is _build/default], and then we perform the build document generation, and = then open open the generated html page.

The first build command is this, if you want to perform the first build tas= k, you can type

dune build @docopen

Then our second build command, relatively simple, with reference to the fir= st, we can add a lot of build commands we want to add inside this dune configuration file.

We just need to specify different alias aliases for them, no duplication.

The official documentation also specifies some other available commands, = I won't go into them one by one. Since I prefer to use shell scripts, I really only need the system to execute my sh= ell scripts for me.

Lwt.5.6.0 (and other Lwt packages)

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-lwt-5-6-0-and-other-lwt-= packages/10077/2

Rapha=C3=ABl Proust announced

Lwt 5.6.1

Version 5.6.1 of the Lwt package has been released. This version contains a= fix for a bug introduced in 5.6.0 whereby devnull file descriptor would be closed during some uses of Lwt_proce= ss.

https://githu= b.com/ocsigen/lwt/releases/tag/5.6.1

Windows-friendly OCaml 4.12 distribution - Diskuv OCaml 0.1.0<= /h2>

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/a= nn-windows-friendly-ocaml-4-12-distribution-diskuv-ocaml-0-1-0/8358/21

jbeckford announced

The 0.4.0 release of Diskuv OCaml for Windows users is available! It is usa= ble enough that I've let my school-age kids (elementary through high school) install it and go through some tutori= als.

https://g= ithub.com/diskuv/dkml-installer-ocaml#readme

The links to the documentation are available from the above link as well.

Here are the one-time inconveniences if you install this release:

  1. The built-in antivirus Windows Defender treats newly signed binaries li= ke spam. There needs to be enough people who "Report this file as safe" bef= ore the binaries are trusted. If you do nothing but mark it safe or inst= all it on Windows, you are helping others!
  2. The installer will automatically install the Visual Studio compiler if = needed. But Visual Studio sometimes requires a reboot. The instructions wil= l tell you if you need the reboot.
  3. The Visual Studio Code OCaml plugin defaults to expecting a legacy ocamlenv program on Windows. You have to search for ocamlenv= in Visual Studio Code Settings and disable it. This should have a f= ix, but not in time for this release.

Windows parity with Unix

  1. opam commands like opam install should work w= ithout any wrappers. But you should create new switches with opam dkml init (see = --help for options).

  2. dune commands like dune build should work without= any wrappers. The only hiccup is that aliases like dune build @runtest need to be esc= aped in PowerShell like: 

    dune build `@runtest
  3. You have partial support if your home directory has spaces, since it is= very common on Windows to have your username be FirstName LastName. So far I've configured/patched most things to work with spaces, but = there could be common packages that were missed, and only NTFS drives work.=
  4. OCaml 4.12.1. I'd like to upgrade to 4.13 or 4.14, but having support f= or Visual Studio Code debugging with 4.12-only ocamlearlybird is more important, = especially for traditional Windows users.
  5. Dune 2.9.3. I've bundled in support in 2.9.3 for fswatch/inotify so tha= t dune build --watch works on Windows. Nothing is blocking an = upgrade to 3.x except time (ie. not now) and a reason.
  6. Opam 2.1.2 plus some PRs that are pending the not-yet-released version = 2.2.
  7. Git performance on Windows just sucks. It is like someone designed it f= or a Linux kernel =F0=9F=A4=A8. Apparently Git= FSMonitor in 2.37.0 can be enabled to speed things up, but I don't hav= e real-world experience with it because it was just released yesterday.
  8. MSYS2, which can be accessed with with-dkml bash, now uses= the CLANG64 variant. There are thousands of up-to-date third-party librari= es available and, unlike MinGW, they are ABI compatible with the dominant W= indows compiler (MSVC). And if you are interested there is an ocamlverse Help Wanted= to add the CLANG64 compiler as an alternative to the Administrator-req= uiring, reboot-needing MSVC compiler.

Thanks to OCaml Software Foundation for sponsoring this!

0.4.x will be the last minor versions of the "preview". I'll be shifting to= closing out any show-stopping bugs, and updating the various Windows onboarding guides for OCaml to officially incl= ude Diskuv OCaml.

OCamlFormat Web Configurator

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-ocamlformat-web-configurator= /10103/1

Louis Roch=C3=A9 announced

It is my pleasure to share with you the ocamlformat configurator as a web page.

Ocamlformat is a great tool that really makes editing code a more pleasant = experience. It has a bunch of different built in profiles and many additional options to fine tune how the code sho= uld look like. While I would encourage most people and new projects to use one of the default profiles, the many o= ptions are helpful when transitioning an existing codebase. Unfortunately it is not super easy to figure out which o= ptions to use and how to combine them. There are 58 parameters! I've spent a long time trying different combinations by changing an option in my= .ocamlformat, running `dune build @fmt`, checking the code, going back to the first step… It is a tedious wor= k. So I decided to make a simple web interface with all of the options available and a faster feedback loop.

=3D"24e891e9e1400d4a47debf9e34b3ea414bebf418_2_1380x826.jpeg"

Thanks to js_of_ocaml the task was not too complicated. Ocamlformat can be = compiled to javascript, there is nothing special to do. Which means everything can be done in the browser, the code = won't leak to anyone, there is no need to maintain a server, and the result will be guaranteed to be identical as a f= ormatting with the cli tool.

The configuration can be set through text (just put the content of your `.o= camlformat` in the text box) and through a bunch of dropdown. They will be combined together. The dropdown takes prece= dence over the textual configuration if an option is set in both.

The project has been started as part of the "open source day" at Ahrefs (we= try to dedicate some time to open source projects that we use internally). It is still in its infancy. Please pardon= the terrible style, I am not a web developer and didn't have time to make it look nicer yet. There are some an= noying things to fix (no feedback when the code is invalid and can't be formatted), and many improvements to come (a w= ay to download the configuration for example). But I think that it is already working well enough to be used by = others.

You can find the configurator at https://ahrefs.github.io/ocamlformat/
The source code is on github at https://github.com/ahrefs/ocamlformat/= tree/ahrefs/web-ui/bin/web-ui

If you like ocaml and want to look for a job, we have some positions available

Release of optiml-transport

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-release-of-optiml-transport/1= 0128/1

Igarnier announced

Hi! optiml-transpo= rt was just released on opam. This library binds C++ primitives to solve the [optimal transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_th= eory_(mathematics)) problem between finite weighted point clouds (i.e. finite measures). Concretely, this allows to li= ft any metric on a base= space to a metric on finitely supported probability measures over that base space. (In fact, the library works with cost functi= ons more general than that satisfying the metric axioms.) The library also outputs an optimal coupling between any tw= o such measures. Optimal transportation has many applications in statistics, graphics, optimization, etc.

The library consists in bindings to https://github.com/nbonneel/network_simplex

Old CWN

If you happen to miss a CWN, you can send me a message and I'll mail it to you, or go take a loo= k at the archive or the <= a href=3D"https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/cwn.rss">RSS feed of the archive= s.

If you also wish to receive it every week by mail, you may subscribe online.

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