[Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Oliver Bandel]

Hello,

What does this message (see subject)
mean?

When compiling Ocaml-files, and starting the
a.out-file, I get this message.

Where does it come from?

How can i fix such problems?

There are not mentioned any more informations,
so I can not tell you more for fixing that
problem.

Ciao,
   Oliver

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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Stefano Zacchiroli]

On Sun, Aug 25, 2002 at 10:50:07PM +0200, Oliver Bandel wrote:
> When compiling Ocaml-files, and starting the
> a.out-file, I get this message.
> 
> Where does it come from?

Seems that you are running a bytecode compiled executable and you have
stripped the executable. Stripping a bytecode executable will leave you
only the ocamlrun executable (try running "ocamlrun" with no arguments
and you will get the same error message).

Cheers.

-- 
Stefano Zacchiroli - undergraduate student of CS @ Univ. Bologna, Italy
zack@cs.unibo.it | ICQ# 33538863 | http://www.cs.unibo.it/~zacchiro
"I know you believe you understood what you think I said, but I am not
sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant!" -- G.Romney
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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[malc]

On Sun, 25 Aug 2002, Oliver Bandel wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> What does this message (see subject)
> mean?
Stripped binary i would guess.

> 
> When compiling Ocaml-files, and starting the
> a.out-file, I get this message.
> 
> Where does it come from?
[a]$ ocamlc -custom moo.ml 
[a]$ strip a.out 
[a]$ ./a.out 
No bytecode file specified.

> 
> How can i fix such problems?
Dont strip

> 
> There are not mentioned any more informations,
> so I can not tell you more for fixing that
> problem.

-- 
mailto:malc@pulsesoft.com

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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Sven LUTHER]

On Mon, Aug 26, 2002 at 11:32:59AM +0400, malc wrote:
> On Sun, 25 Aug 2002, Oliver Bandel wrote:
> 
> > Hello,
> > 
> > What does this message (see subject)
> > mean?
> Stripped binary i would guess.
> 
> > 
> > When compiling Ocaml-files, and starting the
> > a.out-file, I get this message.
> > 
> > Where does it come from?
> [a]$ ocamlc -custom moo.ml 
> [a]$ strip a.out 
> [a]$ ./a.out 
> No bytecode file specified.
> 
> > 
> > How can i fix such problems?
> Dont strip

Alternatively, strip can be fixed to know about ocaml bytecode.

I was also told that if the ocaml team would have used another
label/tag/whatever it is called in the binary code than the one it is
using, then strip would know about it. But then, i am not expert on
that, and i guess the ocaml team don't think it is a good idea, since i
never got any response to the message i sent about it (back when i was
told that).

Friendly,

Sven Luther
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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Xavier Leroy]

> Alternatively, strip can be fixed to know about ocaml bytecode.

I wouldn't recommend that -- if I were the maintainer of "strip", I'd
scream at such a kludge :-)

> I was also told that if the ocaml team would have used another
> label/tag/whatever it is called in the binary code than the one it is
> using, then strip would know about it.

Yes, a cleaner solution would be to embed the OCaml bytecode in a
special ELF section.  But there are two problems with this: 1- the ELF
file format is quite complex, and 2- this solution would break utterly
on non-ELF systems, e.g. Windows.

The current solution (just stick the bytecode at the end of the native
executable) is a hack, but it's a hack that works on *every single
platform* I've tested in the last 12 years...

- Xavier Leroy
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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[malc]

On Mon, 26 Aug 2002, Sven LUTHER wrote:

> Alternatively, strip can be fixed to know about ocaml bytecode.
> 
> I was also told that if the ocaml team would have used another
> label/tag/whatever it is called in the binary code than the one it is
> using, then strip would know about it. But then, i am not expert on
> that, and i guess the ocaml team don't think it is a good idea, since i
> never got any response to the message i sent about it (back when i was
> told that).
Either that, or:

#!/bin/sh

elfsize=`readelf -h $1 | awk '
/Start of section headers:/ {secoff=$5}
/Size of section headers:/ {seclen=$5}
/Number of section headers:/ {seccnt=$5}
END { print seccnt*seclen+secoff; }
'`
filesize=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $5}'`

strip -o $1.elf.striped $1
tail -c $[filesize-elfsize] $1 > $1.caml.striped
cat $1.elf.striped $1.caml.striped > $1.striped
chmod +x $1.striped

rm -f $1.elf.striped $1.caml.striped


-- 
mailto:malc@pulsesoft.com

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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Oliver Bandel]

On Mon, 26 Aug 2002, malc wrote:

> On Sun, 25 Aug 2002, Oliver Bandel wrote:
> 
> > Hello,
> > 
> > What does this message (see subject)
> > mean?
> Stripped binary i would guess.
> 
> > 
> > When compiling Ocaml-files, and starting the
> > a.out-file, I get this message.
> > 
> > Where does it come from?
> [a]$ ocamlc -custom moo.ml 
> [a]$ strip a.out 
> [a]$ ./a.out 
> No bytecode file specified.
> 
> > 
> > How can i fix such problems?
> Dont strip

I didn't strip.
Maybe the ocaml-compilers are stripping by themself.
(Look at the example. in one of my mails.
I did not strip, but it was the same error-message.

Ciao,
   Oliver

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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Oliver Bandel]

On Mon, 26 Aug 2002, malc wrote:

> On Sun, 25 Aug 2002, Oliver Bandel wrote:
> 
> > Hello,
> > 
> > What does this message (see subject)
> > mean?
> Stripped binary i would guess.
> 
> > 
> > When compiling Ocaml-files, and starting the
> > a.out-file, I get this message.
> > 
> > Where does it come from?
> [a]$ ocamlc -custom moo.ml 
> [a]$ strip a.out 
> [a]$ ./a.out 
> No bytecode file specified.
> 
> > 
> > How can i fix such problems?
> Dont strip

Please tel me, where I strip here:

##################################
oliver@first:/home/oliver > rm -rf a.out 
oliver@first:/home/oliver > ocamlmktop unix.cma
oliver@first:/home/oliver > ./a.out 
No bytecode file specified.
oliver@first:/home/oliver > 
##################################

Ciao,
   Oliver

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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Sven LUTHER]

On Mon, Aug 26, 2002 at 12:00:31PM +0200, Xavier Leroy wrote:
> > Alternatively, strip can be fixed to know about ocaml bytecode.
> 
> I wouldn't recommend that -- if I were the maintainer of "strip", I'd
> scream at such a kludge :-)

:)))

That said, maybe strip has a list of things not to strip or something
such ?

> > I was also told that if the ocaml team would have used another
> > label/tag/whatever it is called in the binary code than the one it is
> > using, then strip would know about it.
> 
> Yes, a cleaner solution would be to embed the OCaml bytecode in a
> special ELF section.  But there are two problems with this: 1- the ELF
> file format is quite complex, and 2- this solution would break utterly
> on non-ELF systems, e.g. Windows.

Ok, you know a lot more than me about this, but couldn't it not be
possible to implement this only on ELF systems ?
Anyway, the resulting code is arch/system dependant, since you embed
it with ocamlrun anyway, is it not ?

> The current solution (just stick the bytecode at the end of the native
> executable) is a hack, but it's a hack that works on *every single
> platform* I've tested in the last 12 years...

Sure, a good reason for it i guess, but the result is that strip breaks
ocaml bytecode executables.

Friendly,

Sven Luther
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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Chris Hecker]

>Please tel me, where I strip here:
>##################################
>oliver@first:/home/oliver > rm -rf a.out
>oliver@first:/home/oliver > ocamlmktop unix.cma
>oliver@first:/home/oliver > ./a.out
>No bytecode file specified.
>oliver@first:/home/oliver >
>##################################

I had a similar problem with making toplevels on Win9x...it's been a long 
time, but I think it had to do with a cygwin/native weirdness and the 
runtime is spawned with the wrong arguments in exec, or a quoting problem, 
or something crazy like that.

That probably doesn't help at all.  :)

Chris


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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Oliver Bandel]

On Sun, 25 Aug 2002, Oliver Bandel wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> What does this message (see subject)
> mean?
[...]

OK, no answers, that has helped,
so I now come with more details:

(An older linux-distribution, where I anted to install it.)

$ ocamlmktop unix.cma -o toplevel
$ ./toplevel
$ No bytecode file specified.
$ strace ./toplevel 2> ERR.toplevel

And here it comes:

################ ERR.toplevel (strace output) ################ 
############################################################## 
execve("./toplevel", ["./toplevel"], [/* 52 vars */]) = 0
mmap(0, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40006000
mprotect(0x40000000, 17824, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x8048000, 94725, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC) = 0
stat("/etc/ld.so.cache", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3866, ...}) = 0
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY)      = 3
mmap(0, 3866, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x40007000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib/libm.so.5.0.5", O_RDONLY)    = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3"..., 4096) = 4096
mmap(0, 32768, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40008000
mmap(0x40008000, 23588, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0x40008000
mmap(0x4000e000, 7132, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x5000) = 0x4000e000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib/libdl.so.1.7.14", O_RDONLY)  = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3"..., 4096) = 4096
mmap(0, 12288, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40010000
mmap(0x40010000, 4183, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0x40010000
mmap(0x40012000, 360, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x1000) = 0x40012000
close(3)                                = 0
mprotect(0x40010000, 4183, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC) = 0
open("/lib/libncurses.so.3.0", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3"..., 4096) = 4096
mmap(0, 249856, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40013000
mmap(0x40013000, 192214, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0x40013000
mmap(0x40042000, 38192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x2e000) = 0x40042000
mmap(0x4004c000, 12844, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x4004c000
close(3)                                = 0
mprotect(0x40013000, 192214, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC) = 0
open("/lib/libc.so.5.2.18", O_RDONLY)   = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3"..., 4096) = 4096
mmap(0, 708608, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40050000
mmap(0x40050000, 479678, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0x40050000
mmap(0x400c6000, 18776, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x75000) = 0x400c6000
mmap(0x400cb000, 203456, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x400cb000
close(3)                                = 0
munmap(0x40007000, 3866)                = 0
mprotect(0x8048000, 94725, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x40010000, 4183, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x40013000, 192214, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x40000000, 17824, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
personality(PER_LINUX)                  = 0
readlink("/proc/self/exe", "[0303]:2916", 1024) = 11
brk(0x80663b4)                          = 0x80663b4
brk(0x8067000)                          = 0x8067000
brk(0x8068000)                          = 0x8068000
brk(0x8069000)                          = 0x8069000
brk(0x806a000)                          = 0x806a000
brk(0x806b000)                          = 0x806b000
stat("/usr/local/bin/[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/bin/[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/X11R6/bin/[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/bin/[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c)    = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat(ptrace: umoven: I/O error
0x806afc0, 0xbffff24c)             = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/openwin/bin/[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/home/oliver/bin/[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
brk(0x806c000)                          = 0x806c000
stat("./[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c)       = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/local/teTeX/bin/[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/local/lout/bin/[0303]:2916", 0xbffff24c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open(ptrace: umoven: I/O error
0x806bff0, O_RDONLY)               = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, "No bytecode file specified.\n", 28No bytecode file specified.
) = 28
_exit(2)                                = ?
############################################################## 


Ciao,
   Oliver

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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Xavier Leroy]

> OK, no answers, that has helped,
> so I now come with more details:

At last, some technical data in a message of yours.  You're (slowly)
improving.  If you could just have posted this to caml-bugs@inria.fr
rather than caml-list, this would have been perfect :-)

The cause of the problem is here:

> readlink("/proc/self/exe", "[0303]:2916", 1024) = 11

I.e. /proc/self/exe does not point to the executable name, but to an
inode number.  That must be a truly ancient Linux kernel that you're
running.  (Pre 2.0 ?)  

I'll harden the determination of the program name against this
problem.  In the meantime, do yourself a favor and upgrade to a more
recent Linux kernel (and distribution?).

- Xavier Leroy

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Re: [Caml-list] "No bytecode specified"

[Oliver Bandel]

On Tue, 3 Sep 2002, Xavier Leroy wrote:

> > OK, no answers, that has helped,
> > so I now come with more details:
> 
> At last, some technical data in a message of yours.  You're (slowly)
> improving.  If you could just have posted this to caml-bugs@inria.fr
> rather than caml-list, this would have been perfect :-)
> 
> The cause of the problem is here:
> 
> > readlink("/proc/self/exe", "[0303]:2916", 1024) = 11

Yes, I thought, that this was a problem.
Looks very uncommon.

> 
> I.e. /proc/self/exe does not point to the executable name, but to an
> inode number.  That must be a truly ancient Linux kernel that you're
> running.  (Pre 2.0 ?)  

Yes, 2.0.18 on this old machine.
Updating? Hmhhh this old machine itself may be updated by a newer
one (faster hardware). ;-)

> 
> I'll harden the determination of the program name against this
> problem.

I once had used ocamlmktop, and I don' know if it was on my
new computer or on this old machine.
I think it was the old one, where it once worked, but
I think it was Ocaml 3.01, that worked.
Maybe in Ocaml 3.04 there were some changes...

Somewhere in the strace-output I found "ptrace".
I don't know a "ptrace" on linux-machines, but if
I remember correctly, there is a ptrace on Solaris-
machines.

Maybe it's only a problem of the  configure-script,
which thinks to use tools, not available on common
linux-distributions?


>  In the meantime, do yourself a favor and upgrade to a more
> recent Linux kernel (and distribution?).

Well, maybe this is a good idea.
I may try it with a debian.

But I'm not shure if new linux-distributions will work
well on this old machine. It works. Not very fast,
but still good enough for a lot of tasks.
So, when updating the software means to have necessity
of buying new hardware this is not, what I want...
(not enough money this times, hope it will change soon).


But I may try the new debian. :)

Ciao,
   Oliver

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