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* Riemann question
@ 2010-05-01  8:55 Andre.Rodin
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From: Andre.Rodin @ 2010-05-01  8:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
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Dear All,
if there are people interested in Riemann's work on this list, please, help me
to clarify this puzzle. In the below passage (Habilitationsvortrag, section 1,
paragraph 2) Riemann writes about a construction of manifolds of higher
dimensions from one-dimensional ones. What seems me puzzling is the fact that
given a one-dimensional manifold $I$ Riemann apparently identifies a
two-dimensional manifold with an exponential object $I^I$ but not with the
product $I\times I$ as one could expect (perhaps without good reason). At least
this is how I can interpret the following sentence (Clifford's translation):

"If one now supposes that this manifoldness in its turn passes over into another
entirely di\vfferent, and again in a definite way, namely so that each point
passes over into a definite point of the other, then all the specialisations so
obtained form a doubly extended manifoldness."

I would be grateful for your comments. Below are Clifford's translation of the
whole passage and the German original.

best wishes,
Andrei



If in the case of a notion whose specialisations form a continuous
manifoldness, one passes from a certain specialisation in a defi\fnite way to
another, the specialisations passed over form a simply extended manifold-
ness, whose true character is that in it a continuous progress from a point is
possible only on two sides, forwards or backwards. If one now supposes that
this manifoldness in its turn passes over into another entirely di\vfferent, and
again in a definite way, namely so that each point passes over into a definite
point of the other, then all the specialisations so obtained form a doubly
extended manifoldness. In a similar manner one obtains a triply extended
manifoldness, if one imagines a doubly extended one passing over in a de\fnite
way to another entirely di\verent; and it is easy to see how this construction
may be continued. If one regards the variable object instead of the deter-
minable notion of it, this construction may be described as a composition of
a variability of n + 1 dimensions out of a variability of n dimensions and a
variability of one dimension.

Geht man bei einem Begrief, dessen Bestimmungsweisen eine stetige
Mannigfaltigkeit bilden, von einer Bestimmungsweise auf eine bestimmte Art
zu einer andern \x7fuber, so bilden die durchlaufenen Bestimmungsweisen eine
einfach ausgedehnte Mannigfaltigkeit, deren wesentliches Kennzeichen ist,
dass in ihr von einem Punkte nur nach zwei Seiten, vorw\x7farts order r\x7fuckw\x7farts,
ein stetiger Fortgang m\x7foglich ist. Denkt man sich nun, dass diese
Mannigfaltigkeit
wieder in eine andere, v\x7follig verschiedene, \x7fubergeht, und zwar wieder
auf bestimmte Art, d. h. so, dass jeder Punkt in einen bestimmten Punkt
der andern \x7fubergeht, so bilden s\x7fammtliche so erhaltene Bestimmungsweisen
eine zweifach ausgedehnte Mannigfaltigkeit. In \x7fahnlicher Weise erh\x7falt
man eine dreifach ausgedehnte Mannigfaltigkeit, wenn man sich vorstellt dass
eine zweifach ausgedehnte in eine v\x7follig verschiedene auf bestimmte Art
ubergeht, und es ist leicht zu sehen, wie man diese Construction fortsetzen
kann. Wenn man, anstatt den Begri als bestimmbar, seinen Gegenstand
als ver\x7fanderlich betrachtet, so kann diese Construction bezeichnet werden
als eine Zusammensetzung einer Ver\x7fanderlichkeit von n+1 Dimensionen aus
einer Ver\x7fanderlichkeit von n Dimensionen und aus einer Ver\x7fanderlichkeit von
Einer Dimension.



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