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* Lawvere on probability distributions as a monad
@ 2011-02-22 14:08 Jeremy Gibbons
  2011-06-13 21:28 ` Jeremy Gibbons
       [not found] ` <23348_1308400646_4DFC9C06_23348_63_1_E1QXujD-000335-SX@mlist.mta.ca>
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Jeremy Gibbons @ 2011-02-22 14:08 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Categories mailing list

I wonder if you fine categorists could help me track down an old
preprint?

Many people have written about probability distributions forming a
monad (and so probabilistic computations can be captured as a
"computational effect"). The reference trail goes back to

    Michele Giry, "A Categorical Approach to Probability Theory", LNM
915:68-85, 1981

and thence to

    F W Lawvere, "The Category of Probabilistic Mappings", preprint, 1962

I have Giry's paper, but can find no trace on the web of Lawvere's
preprint. Does anyone know where I might find a copy? Might someone
even have a copy that they would be prepared to scan?

Thanks,
Jeremy

Jeremy.Gibbons@comlab.ox.ac.uk
    Oxford University Computing Laboratory,    TEL: +44 1865 283508
    Wolfson Building, Parks Road,              FAX: +44 1865 283531
    Oxford OX1 3QD, UK.
    URL: http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/people/jeremy.gibbons.html





[For admin and other information see: http://www.mta.ca/~cat-dist/ ]


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
* Re: Lawvere on probability distributions as a monad
@ 2011-06-20 19:37 Fred E.J. Linton
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Fred E.J. Linton @ 2011-06-20 19:37 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: categories

As someone who for many years had a copy of that preprint,
and may yet have a copy still, buried in the mess a rabid 
Dean made of the records in my office (by packing them all
willy nilly in boxes and stacking those boxes into several 
six-foot tall columns in front of two bookshelves that are
still holding books (!)), let me at least outline what I 
remember of it.

[I might hope that one of the several folks I shipped copies
of it to in years past might still have -- and share -- such
a copy.]

The work itself Bill developed in the early sixties, while both
a grad student at Columbia and an employee of Litton Industries.

The heart of it is a category -- rather Kleisli-category-like
now, in retrospect, the way it's built, though the very notion
of Kleisli category had not yet broken through the categorical
consciousness -- whose objects, as I recall, were pairs made
up of a set X and a boolean sigma-algebra A of subsets of X,
while the maps from one such object (X, A) to another (Y, B)
were those functions f: X --> prob(B) (from X to the set prob(B)
of probability measures on B) for which, separately in each variable,

each f(x, =): B --> R is a probability measure on B (yes, already said),
each f(-, b): X --> R is an A-measurable real-valued function on X.

For the composition of such an f with g: (Y, B) --> (Z, C), note
that each f(x, =): B --> R is a probability measure on B and that
each g(-, c): Y --> R is a B-measurable real-valued function on Y;
so we may, for each x in X and c in C, form the integral (over B)

  {\Integral}_B g(-, c) d(f(x, =))

of the real-valued function g(-, c) on B w/ resp. to the measure f(x, =)
and call that real number  (g.f)(x, c) .

The slogans "Associativity = Fubini" and "Identity = Dirac Delta"
outline how one sees this is a category.

In the absence of the actual purple hexographed spirit document,
I'm unable to reconstruct much more. But I hope this helps.

And if Bill is tuning in to this thread, I'd be grateful if you could 
fine-tune what I've said, Bill, wherever I've gotten things off-pitch 
or out of key, and perhaps amplify what I've left too quiet.

Cheers, -- Fred




[For admin and other information see: http://www.mta.ca/~cat-dist/ ]


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
* Re: Lawvere on probability distributions as a monad
@ 2011-06-20 19:52 Fred E.J. Linton
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Fred E.J. Linton @ 2011-06-20 19:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: categories

Erratum -- end of sentence after {\Integral} display in 
prior version -- corrected. Sorry. -- F. | To the Editor: 
if possible, suppress the earlier version and use this one
instead, with these top 10 lines excised. Thanks, -- Fred
------ Original Message ------
Received: Mon, 20 Jun 2011 03:37:49 PM EDT
From: "Fred E.J. Linton" <fejlinton@usa.net>
To: <categories@mta.ca>
Cc: Steve Vickers <s.j.vickers@cs.bham.ac.uk>, <martabunge@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: categories: Re: Lawvere on probability distributions as a monad

As someone who for many years had a copy of that preprint,
and may yet have a copy still, buried in the mess a rabid 
Dean made of the records in my office (by packing them all
willy nilly in boxes and stacking those boxes into several 
six-foot tall columns in front of two bookshelves that are
still holding books (!)), let me at least outline what I 
remember of it.

[I might hope that one of the several folks I shipped copies
of it to in years past might still have -- and share -- such
a copy.]

The work itself Bill developed in the early sixties, while both
a grad student at Columbia and an employee of Litton Industries.

The heart of it is a category -- rather Kleisli-category-like
now, in retrospect, the way it's built, though the very notion
of Kleisli category had not yet broken through the categorical
consciousness -- whose objects, as I recall, were pairs made
up of a set X and a boolean sigma-algebra A of subsets of X,
while the maps from one such object (X, A) to another (Y, B)
were those functions f: X --> prob(B) (from X to the set prob(B)
of probability measures on B) for which, separately in each variable,

each f(x, =): B --> R is a probability measure on B (yes, already said),
each f(-, b): X --> R is an A-measurable real-valued function on X.

For the composition of such an f with g: (Y, B) --> (Z, C), note
that each f(x, =): B --> R is a probability measure on B and that
each g(-, c): Y --> R is a B-measurable real-valued function on Y;
so we may, for each x in X and c in C, form the integral (over B)

  {\Integral}_B g(-, c) d(f(x, =))

of the real-valued function g(-, c) on Y w/ resp. to the measure f(x, =)
on B and call that real number  (g.f)(x, c) .

The slogans "Associativity = Fubini" and "Identity = Dirac Delta"
outline how one sees this is a category.

In the absence of the actual purple hexographed spirit document,
I'm unable to reconstruct much more. But I hope this helps.

And if Bill is tuning in to this thread, I'd be grateful if you could 
fine-tune what I've said, Bill, wherever I've gotten things off-pitch 
or out of key, and perhaps amplify what I've left too quiet.

Cheers, -- Fred






[For admin and other information see: http://www.mta.ca/~cat-dist/ ]


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
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Thread overview: 6+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2011-02-22 14:08 Lawvere on probability distributions as a monad Jeremy Gibbons
2011-06-13 21:28 ` Jeremy Gibbons
2011-08-06 17:24   ` Jeremy Gibbons
     [not found] ` <23348_1308400646_4DFC9C06_23348_63_1_E1QXujD-000335-SX@mlist.mta.ca>
2011-06-18 13:57   ` Marta Bunge
2011-06-20 19:37 Fred E.J. Linton
2011-06-20 19:52 Fred E.J. Linton

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