I've been using mailcrypt for years, but someone recently pointed out that MIME is now the "standard" way to do signing. Fair enough, I'd be happy to make the messages look a little less awkward in non-encryption aware readers anyway. So I'm trying to switch to PGG. I've removed all the mailcrypt stuff from my .gnus file and replaced it with: ;; PGG (require 'pgg) (setq pgg-cache-passphrase t) (setq pgg-passphrase-cache-expiry 3600) ;; Emacs should always decrypt and verify emails automatically (setq mm-verify-option 'always) (setq mm-decrypt-option 'always) ;; Automcatically sign when sending mails (defun will-you-sign () (interactive) (if (y-or-n-p "Do you want to sign this message? ") (mml-secure-message-sign-pgpmime))) (add-hook 'gnus-message-setup-hook 'will-you-sign) In a few minutes I'll probably get around to replacing will-you-sign with sign-always, but that isn't the issue. With the setup above, using Gnus 5.10.2, when I send a signed message, it asks me for my key three times in a row (apparently once for each destination that the message goes to, the outside world, the current group, and the monthly archive group). What's more, if I send another message right away, it asks me three times again. It appears not to be caching the passphrase. Clues, please? Be seeing you, norm -- Norman Walsh | The years teach us much which the days http://nwalsh.com/ | never knew.-- Emerson