Hi, rfc2045 has the following requirement: RFC> It should also be noted that, by definition, if a composite entity RFC> has a transfer-encoding value such as "7bit", but one of the enclosed RFC> entities has a less restrictive value such as "8bit", then either the RFC> outer "7bit" labelling is in error, because 8bit data are included, RFC> or the inner "8bit" labelling placed an unnecessarily high demand on RFC> the transport system because the actual included data were actually RFC> 7bit-safe. but when gnus sends a multipart messages, it does not set the content-transfer-encoding=8bit of the whole message when one of the parts has 8bit (or content-transfer-encoding=binary when one of the parts has binary CTE). by default, the CTE, if omitted, is assumed to be 7bit (as stated in the same RFC). This message has a part with 8bit CTE, but gnus does not set the 8bit CTE for the whole message. Best, v.