Looking at the --verbose output, I can see it silently throws this error:

[INFO] Could not load include file 'xcolor.sty' at line 2 column 20

Could be a problem with my setup then. I'll investigate. Do you not get 
this error, and the example works with tex->pdf via pandoc?

On Sunday, 1 July 2018 13:34:37 UTC+2, Gandalf Saxe wrote:
>
> It does not work; try to copy the second example above into a test.tex and 
> run:
>
> pandoc test.tex -o test.pdf
>
> It will not color any of the text. pdflatex will work fine though, so 
> something happens with using pandoc.
>
> On Friday, 29 June 2018 16:52:45 UTC+2, Christophe Demko wrote:
>>
>> The LaTeX code is convert correctly to pdf with correct colors
>>
>> Le jeudi 28 juin 2018 16:59:43 UTC+2, Gandalf Saxe a écrit :
>>>
>>> Why does this convert correctly `pandoc test.md -o test.pdf`:
>>>
>>> ---
>>> header-includes: \usepackage{xcolor}
>>> ---
>>>
>>>
>>> This is normal content, \textcolor{orange}{warning content} and
>>> \textcolor{red}{important content}.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> But this doesn't ``:
>>> \documentclass[]{article}
>>> \usepackage{xcolor}
>>>
>>>
>>> \begin{document}
>>>
>>>
>>> This is normal content, \textcolor{orange}{warning content} and
>>> \textcolor{red}{important content}.
>>>
>>>
>>> \end{document}
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> That is, the content is completely the same, but it works from markdown, 
>>> but just not from latex?
>>>
>>> A little ironic since the syntax is latex :)
>>>
>>

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