Thanks all for the help.  The close the loop on this for anyone coming along later on. 

1. Despite hearing it from several people, it took me a while to realize that pandoc, even when converting from tex to PDF, will still perform it's "munge this doc into an internal representation" sub-routines.  This means most of what you're doing in LaTeX gets lost, unless pandoc happens to understand it

2. Pandoc's default font doesn't support hebrew: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/issues/3742

3. You can specify a font that does support pandoc via `-V mainfont:` : https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/375544/4689

4. If you're dealing with a document that has mixed english/hebrew you may be out of luck with pure pandoc, as you need to markup which sections contain hebrew and which contain english: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/375498/4689

Thanks again for the help, and best wishes!

On Saturday, June 17, 2017 at 9:35:05 AM UTC-7, Alan Storm wrote:
New to the group, and only (so far!) the most casual of pandoc users. I'm having some trouble getting pandoc to do things that the xelatex command can do.  I'm looking for someone (or someones) that can help get me to a solution **and** explain what pandoc is doing behind the scenes so I can debug these sort of problems in the future. 

In short -- I have an tex document with some hebrew characters.  If I use the  xelatex command directly to convert this document, the hebrew characters are rendered correctly in the PDF

    $ xelatex simple.tex


    However, if I attempt to do the conversion with pandoc using the xelatex engine

    $ pandoc --latex-engine=xelatex simple.tex -o from-pandoc.pdf


pandoc will render the PDF **without** the hebrew characters.  There's just blank white space where the hebrew should be.
    
So, first question if anyone knows: How do I make pandoc render the hebrew into a PDF?

If there's no clear path to that answer, how to do I debug the pandoc/xelatex interaction in order to understand why pandoc's use of the engine produces different results, and how I might be able to change that invocation.  Regarding this -- my understanding of pandoc is very limited, so baby words/steps that let me become less of a baby are appreciated :)       
    
Also, I have some specific examples posted over on the tex StackExchange with hebrew examples

https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/375380/getting-hebrew-support-working-with-pandoc/375443

https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/375380/getting-hebrew-support-working-with-pandoc

Finally -- my ultimate goal here is to convert HTML documents with hebrew into PDFs.  As that also doesn't work, I'm focused on understanding the [tex] to [pdf] conversion.  If there's some extra wrinkle involved with [html] to [pdf] ( which I presume -- (correctly?) -- involves xelatex in the middle) feel free to chime in there as well. 

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