LaTeX reader: Issue when `\label` and `\caption` separated

LaTeX reader: Issue when `\label` and `\caption` separated

[Ash Wiseth]

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Hi,

I use to Pandoc to convert a large number of LaTeX articles into Markdown, 
with the original LaTeX articles all from different authors with their own 
idiosyncratic styles. I've been trying to narrow down some of the 
conversion issues that have cropped up, and I noticed that the LaTeX reader 
seems to be very particular about how elements in float (table, figure) 
environments are ordered.

For LaTeX, `\label` normally has to be either inside `\caption` or after 
`\caption`. As far as I know, however, there is no requirement that 
`\label` (if appearing after and not inside) appear *immediately* after 
`\caption`. For example, I can get the following (with `\label` *not* immediately 
after `\caption`) to compile without any errors or warnings:

```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\begin{document}

\section{Introduction}

 The model is shown in Figure \ref{fig:sensPlot}.

    \begin{figure}
        \caption{Dependence on Prior Settings}
        \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{figures/sensPlot-1.pdf}
        \label{fig:sensPlot}
    \end{figure}

\end{document}
```

However, when I run Pandoc 2.19.2 to convert this to Markdown, the figure 
is not processed correctly (the cross-reference appears as [fig:sensPlot] 
instead of 1, and the caption disappears):

```
# Introduction

The model is shown in Figure 
[\[fig:sensPlot\]](#fig:sensPlot){reference-type="ref" 
reference="fig:sensPlot"}.

![image](figures/sensPlot-1.pdf){width="70%"} []{#fig:sensPlot 
label="fig:sensPlot"}
```

Running `pandoc -t native`, it looks like the label is getting separated 
from the rest of the figure:

```
[ Header
    1 ( "introduction" , [] , [] ) [ Str "Introduction" ]
, Para
    [ Str "The"
    , Space
    , Str "model"
    , Space
    , Str "is"
    , Space
    , Str "shown"
    , Space
    , Str "in"
    , Space
    , Str "Figure"
    , Space
    , Link
        ( ""
        , []
        , [ ( "reference-type" , "ref" )
          , ( "reference" , "fig:sensPlot" )
          ]
        )
        [ Str "[fig:sensPlot]" ]
        ( "#fig:sensPlot" , "" )
    , Str "."
    ]
, Para
    [ Image
        ( "" , [] , [ ( "width" , "70%" ) ] )
        [ Str "image" ]
        ( "figures/sensPlot-1.pdf" , "" )
    , SoftBreak
    , Span
        ( "fig:sensPlot" , [] , [ ( "label" , "fig:sensPlot" ) ] )
        []
    ]
]
```

Note that this can be fixed by (1) moving `\label` into `\caption`, (2) 
switching `\includegraphics` and `\label`, or (3) switching `\caption` and 
`\includegraphics`. So it definitely seems like an order issue.

What am I missing? Is this a bug?

Thank you in advance.

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