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Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 16:22:05 -0300
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To: Austin Ziegler <halostatue@gmail.com>
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Reply-To: Ruby developers <ruby-core@ml.ruby-lang.org>
Subject: [ruby-core:119640] Re: Behavior of raising from rescue blocks when multiple
 rescue blocks exist
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From: Rodrigo Rosenfeld Rosas via ruby-core <ruby-core@ml.ruby-lang.org>
Cc: Ruby developers <ruby-core@ml.ruby-lang.org>,
 Rodrigo Rosenfeld Rosas <rr.rosas@gmail.com>
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> rescues happen exactly once per exception handling block.

Awesome, great to know that and for the explanation on why both methods
yield different results. I totally forgot RuntimeError is an StandardError.

Em ter., 29 de out. de 2024 =C3=A0s 15:07, Austin Ziegler <halostatue@gmail=
.com>
escreveu:

> RuntimeError is a descendant of StandardError, and rescues happen exactly
> once per exception handling block.
>
> That is, your first code example will never hit RuntimeError because it's
> swallowed by the implicit StandardError.
>
> Here's a class tree of Exception from my local irb:
>
> - Exception
>     |- ErrorHighlight::Spotter::NonAscii
>     |- IRB::Abort
>     |- IRB::LoadAbort
>     |- NoMemoryError
>     |- ScriptError
>     |    |- LoadError
>     |    |    `- Gem::LoadError
>     |    |         |- Gem::ConflictError
>     |    |         `- Gem::MissingSpecError
>     |    |              `- Gem::MissingSpecVersionError
>     |    |- NotImplementedError
>     |    `- SyntaxError
>     |- SecurityError
>     |- SignalException
>     |    `- Interrupt
>     |- StandardError
>     |    |- ArgumentError
>     |    |    |- Gem::Requirement::BadRequirementError
>     |    |    |- IO::Buffer::MaskError
>     |    |    `- UncaughtThrowError
>     |    |- EncodingError
>     |    |    |- Encoding::CompatibilityError
>     |    |    |- Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
>     |    |    |- Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError
>     |    |    `- Encoding::UndefinedConversionError
>     |    |- FiberError
>     |    |- Fiddle::Error
>     |    |    |- Fiddle::ClearedReferenceError
>     |    |    `- Fiddle::DLError
>     |    |- Gem::Molinillo::ResolverError
>     |    |    |- Gem::Molinillo::CircularDependencyError
>     |    |    |- Gem::Molinillo::NoSuchDependencyError
>     |    |    `- Gem::Molinillo::VersionConflict
>     |    |- Gem::TSort::Cyclic
>     |    |- IOError
>     |    |    |- EOFError
>     |    |    `- IO::TimeoutError
>     |    |- IRB::CantChangeBinding
>     |    |- IRB::CantReturnToNormalMode
>     |    |- IRB::Command::CommandArgumentError
>     |    |- IRB::IllegalParameter
>     |    |- IRB::IrbAlreadyDead
>     |    |- IRB::IrbSwitchedToCurrentThread
>     |    |- IRB::NoSuchJob
>     |    |- IRB::RubyLex::TerminateLineInput
>     |    |- IRB::SourceFinder::EvaluationError
>     |    |- IRB::UndefinedPromptMode
>     |    |- IRB::UnrecognizedSwitch
>     |    |- IndexError
>     |    |    |- KeyError
>     |    |    `- StopIteration
>     |    |         |- ClosedQueueError
>     |    |         `- Ractor::ClosedError
>     |    |- JSON::JSONError
>     |    |    |- JSON::GeneratorError
>     |    |    |- JSON::MissingUnicodeSupport
>     |    |    `- JSON::ParserError
>     |    |         `- JSON::NestingError
>     |    |              `- JSON::CircularDatastructure
>     |    |- LocalJumpError
>     |    |- Math::DomainError
>     |    |- NameError
>     |    |    `- NoMethodError
>     |    |- NoMatchingPatternError
>     |    |    `- NoMatchingPatternKeyError
>     |    |- RangeError
>     |    |    `- FloatDomainError
>     |    |- RegexpError
>     |    |    `- Regexp::TimeoutError
>     |    |- Reline::ConfigEncodingConversionError
>     |    |- Reline::Terminfo::TerminfoError
>     |    |- Ripper::TokenPattern::Error
>     |    |    |- Ripper::TokenPattern::CompileError
>     |    |    `- Ripper::TokenPattern::MatchError
>     |    |- RuntimeError
>     |    |    |- FrozenError
>     |    |    |- Gem::Exception
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::CommandLineError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::DependencyError
>     |    |    |    |    |- Gem::DependencyResolutionError
>     |    |    |    |    `- Gem::UnsatisfiableDependencyError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::DependencyRemovalException
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::DocumentError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::EndOfYAMLException
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::FilePermissionError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::FormatException
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::GemNotFoundException
>     |    |    |    |    `- Gem::SpecificGemNotFoundException
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::GemNotInHomeException
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::ImpossibleDependenciesError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::InstallError
>     |    |    |    |    `- Gem::RuntimeRequirementNotMetError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::InvalidSpecificationException
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::OperationNotSupportedError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::RemoteError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::RemoteInstallationCancelled
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::RemoteInstallationSkipped
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::RemoteSourceException
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::ParseError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::RubyVersionMismatch
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::UninstallError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::UnknownCommandError
>     |    |    |    |- Gem::VerificationError
>     |    |    |    `- Gem::WebauthnVerificationError
>     |    |    |- IO::Buffer::AccessError
>     |    |    |- IO::Buffer::AllocationError
>     |    |    |- IO::Buffer::InvalidatedError
>     |    |    |- IO::Buffer::LockedError
>     |    |    |- RDoc::Error
>     |    |    |- Ractor::Error
>     |    |    |    |- Ractor::IsolationError
>     |    |    |    |- Ractor::MovedError
>     |    |    |    |- Ractor::RemoteError
>     |    |    |    `- Ractor::UnsafeError
>     |    |    `- Reline::Config::InvalidInputrc
>     |    |- SystemCallError
>     |    |    |- Errno::E2BIG
>     |    |    |- Errno::EACCES
>     |    |    |- Errno::EADDRINUSE
>     |    |    |- Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL
>     |    |    |- Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT
>     |    |    |- Errno::EAGAIN
>     |    |    |    |- IO::EAGAINWaitReadable
>     |    |    |    `- IO::EAGAINWaitWritable
>     |    |    |- Errno::EALREADY
>     |    |    |- Errno::EAUTH
>     |    |    |- Errno::EBADARCH
>     |    |    |- Errno::EBADEXEC
>     |    |    |- Errno::EBADF
>     |    |    |- Errno::EBADMACHO
>     |    |    |- Errno::EBADMSG
>     |    |    |- Errno::EBADRPC
>     |    |    |- Errno::EBUSY
>     |    |    |- Errno::ECANCELED
>     |    |    |- Errno::ECHILD
>     |    |    |- Errno::ECONNABORTED
>     |    |    |- Errno::ECONNREFUSED
>     |    |    |- Errno::ECONNRESET
>     |    |    |- Errno::EDEADLK
>     |    |    |- Errno::EDESTADDRREQ
>     |    |    |- Errno::EDEVERR
>     |    |    |- Errno::EDOM
>     |    |    |- Errno::EDQUOT
>     |    |    |- Errno::EEXIST
>     |    |    |- Errno::EFAULT
>     |    |    |- Errno::EFBIG
>     |    |    |- Errno::EFTYPE
>     |    |    |- Errno::EHOSTDOWN
>     |    |    |- Errno::EHOSTUNREACH
>     |    |    |- Errno::EIDRM
>     |    |    |- Errno::EILSEQ
>     |    |    |- Errno::EINPROGRESS
>     |    |    |    |- IO::EINPROGRESSWaitReadable
>     |    |    |    `- IO::EINPROGRESSWaitWritable
>     |    |    |- Errno::EINTR
>     |    |    |- Errno::EINVAL
>     |    |    |- Errno::EIO
>     |    |    |- Errno::EISCONN
>     |    |    |- Errno::EISDIR
>     |    |    |- Errno::ELAST
>     |    |    |- Errno::ELOOP
>     |    |    |- Errno::EMFILE
>     |    |    |- Errno::EMLINK
>     |    |    |- Errno::EMSGSIZE
>     |    |    |- Errno::EMULTIHOP
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENAMETOOLONG
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENEEDAUTH
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENETDOWN
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENETRESET
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENETUNREACH
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENFILE
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOATTR
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOBUFS
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENODATA
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENODEV
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOENT
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOEXEC
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOLCK
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOLINK
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOMEM
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOMSG
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOPOLICY
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOPROTOOPT
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOSPC
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOSR
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOSTR
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOSYS
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOTBLK
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOTCONN
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOTDIR
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOTEMPTY
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOTRECOVERABLE
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOTSOCK
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOTSUP
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENOTTY
>     |    |    |- Errno::ENXIO
>     |    |    |- Errno::EOPNOTSUPP
>     |    |    |- Errno::EOVERFLOW
>     |    |    |- Errno::EOWNERDEAD
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPERM
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPFNOSUPPORT
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPIPE
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPROCLIM
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPROCUNAVAIL
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPROGMISMATCH
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPROGUNAVAIL
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPROTO
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPROTONOSUPPORT
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPROTOTYPE
>     |    |    |- Errno::EPWROFF
>     |    |    |- Errno::ERANGE
>     |    |    |- Errno::EREMOTE
>     |    |    |- Errno::EROFS
>     |    |    |- Errno::ERPCMISMATCH
>     |    |    |- Errno::ESHLIBVERS
>     |    |    |- Errno::ESHUTDOWN
>     |    |    |- Errno::ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
>     |    |    |- Errno::ESPIPE
>     |    |    |- Errno::ESRCH
>     |    |    |- Errno::ESTALE
>     |    |    |- Errno::ETIME
>     |    |    |- Errno::ETIMEDOUT
>     |    |    |- Errno::ETOOMANYREFS
>     |    |    |- Errno::ETXTBSY
>     |    |    |- Errno::EUSERS
>     |    |    |- Errno::EXDEV
>     |    |    `- Errno::NOERROR
>     |    |- ThreadError
>     |    |- TypeError
>     |    `- ZeroDivisionError
>     |- SystemExit
>     |    `- Gem::SystemExitException
>     |- SystemStackError
>     `- fatal
>
> -a
>
> On Tue, Oct 29, 2024 at 8:48=E2=80=AFAM Rodrigo Rosenfeld Rosas via ruby-=
core <
> ruby-core@ml.ruby-lang.org> wrote:
>
>> Hello, I couldn't find any documentation about the subject, so I thought
>> this behavior should be probably documented.
>>
>> Given the following code:
>>
>> def raise_error
>>   raise "runtime error message"
>> rescue =3D> e
>>   "StandardError: #{e.message}"
>> rescue RuntimeError =3D> e
>>   puts "RuntimeError raised: #{e.message}"
>>   raise StandardError, "standard error message"
>> end
>>
>> # same, but the order of the rescue blocks are inverted
>> def raise_error2
>>   raise "runtime error message"
>> rescue RuntimeError =3D> e
>>   puts "RuntimeError raised: #{e.message}"
>>   raise StandardError, "standard error message"
>> rescue =3D> e
>>   "StandardError: #{e.message}"
>> end
>>
>> p ["raise_error", raise_error ]
>>
>> begin
>>   p ["raise_error2", raise_error2]
>> rescue =3D> e
>>   puts "raise_error2 raised: #{e.message}"
>> end
>>
>> When we run it, this is the output in Ruby 3.3.5:
>>
>> ["raise_error", "StandardError: runtime error message"]
>>
>> RuntimeError raised: runtime error message
>>
>> raise_error2 raised: standard error message
>>
>>
>> In the first case (raise_error), the code raised from the RuntimeError
>> rescue block is rescued by the StandardError block, but when inverting t=
he
>> order of the rescue blocks (raise_error2) then this won't happen.
>>
>> Is this part of the specs? Is this behavior documented somewhere? Could
>> this behavior differ in different Ruby implementations and versions? Or =
can
>> we rely on such behavior?
>>
>>
>> This chapter doesn't include such case in its examples:
>>
>> https://ruby-doc.com/docs/ProgrammingRuby/html/tut_exceptions.html
>>
>> Or this documentation about Exceptions:
>>
>> https://ruby-doc.org/3.3.5/syntax/exceptions_rdoc.html
>>
>> Is there a recommended way for wrapping exceptions into a particular one
>> and then handling that exception from within the same method rescue bloc=
ks?
>> Or is this considered a bad practice?
>>
>>
>>  ______________________________________________
>>  ruby-core mailing list -- ruby-core@ml.ruby-lang.org
>>  To unsubscribe send an email to ruby-core-leave@ml.ruby-lang.org
>>  ruby-core info --
>> https://ml.ruby-lang.org/mailman3/lists/ruby-core.ml.ruby-lang.org/
>
>
>
> --
> Austin Ziegler =E2=80=A2 halostatue@gmail.com =E2=80=A2 austin@halostatue=
.ca
> http://www.halostatue.ca/ =E2=80=A2 http://twitter.com/halostatue
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr">&gt; rescues happen exactly once per exception handling=C2=
=A0block.<br><br>Awesome, great to know that and for the explanation on why=
 both methods yield different results. I totally forgot RuntimeError is an =
StandardError.</div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=
=3D"gmail_attr">Em ter., 29 de out. de 2024 =C3=A0s 15:07, Austin Ziegler &=
lt;<a href=3D"mailto:halostatue@gmail.com">halostatue@gmail.com</a>&gt; esc=
reveu:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0=
px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=
=3D"ltr">RuntimeError is a descendant of StandardError, and rescues happen =
exactly once per exception handling=C2=A0block.<div><br></div><div>That is,=
 your first code example will never hit RuntimeError because it&#39;s swall=
owed by the implicit StandardError.</div><div><br></div><div>Here&#39;s a c=
lass tree of Exception from my local irb:</div><div><br></div><div>- Except=
ion<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- ErrorHighlight::Spotter::NonAscii<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
|- IRB::Abort<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- IRB::LoadAbort<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- NoMemo=
ryError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- ScriptError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- =
LoadError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Gem::LoadError<=
br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- Gem::Confl=
ictError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 `- G=
em::MissingSpecError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Gem::MissingSpecVersionError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- NotImplementedError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0`=
- SyntaxError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- SecurityError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- SignalE=
xception<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Interrupt<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- S=
tandardError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- ArgumentError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::Requirement::BadRequirementError<=
br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IO::Buffer::MaskError<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- UncaughtThrowError<br>=C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- EncodingError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Encoding::CompatibilityError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError<br>=C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Encoding::UndefinedConversionError=
<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- FiberError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0|- Fiddle::Error<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Fi=
ddle::ClearedReferenceError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
`- Fiddle::DLError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::Molinillo::Resol=
verError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::Molinillo::=
CircularDependencyError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- G=
em::Molinillo::NoSuchDependencyError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0`- Gem::Molinillo::VersionConflict<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- Gem::TSort::Cyclic<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IOError<br>=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- EOFError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- IO::TimeoutError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- IRB::CantChangeBinding<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IRB::CantRe=
turnToNormalMode<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IRB::Command::CommandAr=
gumentError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IRB::IllegalParameter<br>=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IRB::IrbAlreadyDead<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0|- IRB::IrbSwitchedToCurrentThread<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|-=
 IRB::NoSuchJob<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IRB::RubyLex::TerminateL=
ineInput<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IRB::SourceFinder::EvaluationEr=
ror<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IRB::UndefinedPromptMode<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IRB::UnrecognizedSwitch<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0|- IndexError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- KeyEr=
ror<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- StopIteration<br>=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- ClosedQueueError=
<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 `- Ractor::C=
losedError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- JSON::JSONError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- JSON::GeneratorError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- JSON::MissingUnicodeSupport<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- JSON::ParserError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 `- JSON::NestingError<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- =
JSON::CircularDatastructure<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- LocalJumpErr=
or<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Math::DomainError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- NameError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`-=
 NoMethodError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- NoMatchingPatternError<br=
>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- NoMatchingPatternKeyError<b=
r>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- RangeError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- FloatDomainError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Re=
gexpError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Regexp::Timeout=
Error<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Reline::ConfigEncodingConversionEr=
ror<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Reline::Terminfo::TerminfoError<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Ripper::TokenPattern::Error<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Ripper::TokenPattern::CompileError<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Ripper::TokenPattern::MatchE=
rror<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- RuntimeError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- FrozenError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::Exception<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::CommandLineError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::DependencyError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::Dependenc=
yResolutionError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Gem::UnsatisfiableDependencyError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::DependencyRemovalExcep=
tion<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::=
DocumentError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- Gem::EndOfYAMLException<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::FilePermissionError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::FormatException<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::GemNotFoundException<br=
>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
`- Gem::SpecificGemNotFoundException<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::GemNotInHomeException<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::ImpossibleDependenciesEr=
ror<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::I=
nstallError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Gem::RuntimeRequirementNotMetError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::InvalidSpecificationExcepti=
on<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::Op=
erationNotSupportedError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::RemoteError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::RemoteInstallationCancelled<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::RemoteInstallationSkipp=
ed<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::Re=
moteSourceException<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0|- Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::ParseError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::RubyVersionMismatch<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::UninstallError<=
br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Gem::Unkno=
wnCommandError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- Gem::VerificationError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Gem::WebauthnVerificationError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IO::Buffer::AccessError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IO::Buffer::AllocationError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IO::Buffer::InvalidatedError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IO::Buffer::LockedError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- RDoc::Error<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Ractor::Error<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Ractor::IsolationError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Ractor::MovedError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Ractor::RemoteError<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Ractor::Unsaf=
eError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Reline::Config::In=
validInputrc<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- SystemCallError<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::E2BIG<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EACCES<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EADDRINUSE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0|- Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|-=
 Errno::EAGAIN<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- IO::EAGAINWaitReadable<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- IO::EAGAINWaitWritable<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EALREADY<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EAUTH<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|-=
 Errno::EBADARCH<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::E=
BADEXEC<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EBADF<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EBADMACHO<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EBADMSG<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EBADRPC<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EBUSY<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0|- Errno::ECANCELED<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|-=
 Errno::ECHILD<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ECO=
NNABORTED<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ECONNREF=
USED<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ECONNRESET<br=
>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EDEADLK<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EDESTADDRREQ<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EDEVERR<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EDOM<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EDQUOT<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- Errno::EEXIST<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno=
::EFAULT<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EFBIG<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EFTYPE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EHOSTDOWN<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EHOSTUNREACH<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EIDRM<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EILSEQ<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- Errno::EINPROGRESS<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- IO::EINPROGRESSWaitReadable<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0`- IO::EINPROGRESSWaitWritable<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EINTR<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EINVAL<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EIO<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
|- Errno::EISCONN<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::=
EISDIR<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ELAST<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ELOOP<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EMFILE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EMLINK<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EMSGSIZE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0|- Errno::EMULTIHOP<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|-=
 Errno::ENAMETOOLONG<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errn=
o::ENEEDAUTH<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENETD=
OWN<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENETRESET<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENETUNREACH<br>=C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENFILE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOATTR<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOBUFS<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENODATA<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
|- Errno::ENODEV<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::E=
NOENT<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOEXEC<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOLCK<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOLINK<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOMEM<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOMSG<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0|- Errno::ENOPOLICY<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Er=
rno::ENOPROTOOPT<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::E=
NOSPC<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOSR<br>=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOSTR<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOSYS<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOTBLK<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOTCONN<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0|- Errno::ENOTDIR<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- E=
rrno::ENOTEMPTY<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EN=
OTRECOVERABLE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOT=
SOCK<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOTSUP<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENOTTY<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ENXIO<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EOPNOTSUPP<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EOVERFLOW<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0|- Errno::EOWNERDEAD<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
|- Errno::EPERM<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EP=
FNOSUPPORT<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EPIPE<b=
r>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EPROCLIM<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EPROCUNAVAIL<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EPROGMISMATCH<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
| =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EPROGUNAVAIL<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EPROTO<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EPROTONOSUPPORT<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EPROTOTYPE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0|- Errno::EPWROFF<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- E=
rrno::ERANGE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EREMO=
TE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EROFS<br>=C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ERPCMISMATCH<br>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ESHLIBVERS<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ESHUTDOWN<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ESOCKTNOSUPPORT<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ESPIPE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ESRCH<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|-=
 Errno::ESTALE<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ETI=
ME<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ETIMEDOUT<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ETOOMANYREFS<br>=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::ETXTBSY<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EUSERS<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0| =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- Errno::EXDEV<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0| =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0`- Errno::NOERROR<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- ThreadError<=
br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0|- TypeError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0`- ZeroDivisionError<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- SystemExit<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0`- Gem::SystemExitException<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |- SystemStackErr=
or<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 `- fatal<br></div><div><br></div><div>-a</div></div><br=
><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Tue, O=
ct 29, 2024 at 8:48=E2=80=AFAM Rodrigo Rosenfeld Rosas via ruby-core &lt;<a=
 href=3D"mailto:ruby-core@ml.ruby-lang.org" target=3D"_blank">ruby-core@ml.=
ruby-lang.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" sty=
le=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);paddi=
ng-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">Hello, I couldn&#39;t find any documentation =
about the subject, so I thought this behavior should be probably documented=
.<div><br></div><div>Given the following code:</div><div><br></div><div>





<p style=3D"margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:=
normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font-kerning:au=
to;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-hei=
ght:normal;font-family:Menlo;color:rgb(0,0,0)">def raise_error<br>=C2=A0 ra=
ise &quot;runtime error message&quot;<br>rescue =3D&gt; e<br>=C2=A0 &quot;S=
tandardError: #{e.message}&quot;<br>rescue RuntimeError =3D&gt; e<br>=C2=A0=
 puts &quot;RuntimeError raised: #{e.message}&quot;<br>=C2=A0 raise Standar=
dError, &quot;standard error message&quot;<br>end<br><br># same, but the or=
der of the rescue blocks are inverted<br>def raise_error2<br>=C2=A0 raise &=
quot;runtime error message&quot;<br>rescue RuntimeError =3D&gt; e<br>=C2=A0=
 puts &quot;RuntimeError raised: #{e.message}&quot;<br>=C2=A0 raise Standar=
dError, &quot;standard error message&quot;<br>rescue =3D&gt; e<br>=C2=A0 &q=
uot;StandardError: #{e.message}&quot;<br>end<br><br>p [&quot;raise_error&qu=
ot;, raise_error ]<br><br>begin<br>=C2=A0 p [&quot;raise_error2&quot;, rais=
e_error2]<br>rescue =3D&gt; e<br>=C2=A0 puts &quot;raise_error2 raised: #{e=
.message}&quot;<br>end<br><br>When we run it, this is the output in Ruby 3.=
3.5:<br><br></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:=
normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-height:no=
rmal;font-family:Menlo;font-size-adjust:none;font-kerning:auto;font-variant=
-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:norma=
l;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;color:rgb(0,0=
,0)"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">[&quot;rais=
e_error&quot;, &quot;StandardError: runtime error message&quot;]</span></p>=
<p style=3D"margin:0px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weig=
ht:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;font-family=
:Menlo;font-size-adjust:none;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:norm=
al;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-e=
ast-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style=
=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">RuntimeError raised: runtim=
e error message</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:norma=
l;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-size-a=
djust:none;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:norm=
al;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><s=
pan style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">







</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-=
east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font=
-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11=
px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style=3D"fo=
nt-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">raise_error2 raised: standard err=
or message<br><br><br></span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-variant-numeri=
c:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font=
-size-adjust:none;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stret=
ch:normal;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo;color:rgb(0,0=
,0)"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures">In the firs=
t case (raise_error), the code raised from the RuntimeError rescue block is=
 rescued by the StandardError block, but when inverting the order of the re=
scue blocks (raise_error2) then this won&#39;t happen.<br><br>Is this part =
of the specs? Is this behavior documented somewhere? Could this behavior di=
ffer in different Ruby implementations and versions? Or can we rely on such=
 behavior?</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;fon=
t-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-size-adjust=
:none;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;fo=
nt-size:11px;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span s=
tyle=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-common-ligatures"><br></span></p><p style=
=3D"margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;f=
ont-variant-alternates:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font-kerning:auto;font-=
feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-height:norm=
al;font-family:Menlo;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligature=
s:no-common-ligatures">This chapter doesn&#39;t include such case in its ex=
amples:<br><br><a href=3D"https://ruby-doc.com/docs/ProgrammingRuby/html/tu=
t_exceptions.html" target=3D"_blank">https://ruby-doc.com/docs/ProgrammingR=
uby/html/tut_exceptions.html</a><br><br>Or this documentation about Excepti=
ons:<br><br><a href=3D"https://ruby-doc.org/3.3.5/syntax/exceptions_rdoc.ht=
ml" target=3D"_blank">https://ruby-doc.org/3.3.5/syntax/exceptions_rdoc.htm=
l</a><br><br>Is there a recommended way for wrapping exceptions into a part=
icular one and then handling that exception from within the same method res=
cue blocks? Or is this considered a bad practice?</span></p><p style=3D"mar=
gin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-var=
iant-alternates:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font-kerning:auto;font-feature=
-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;font=
-family:Menlo;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures:no-co=
mmon-ligatures"><br></span></p></div></div>
=C2=A0______________________________________________<br>
=C2=A0ruby-core mailing list -- <a href=3D"mailto:ruby-core@ml.ruby-lang.or=
g" target=3D"_blank">ruby-core@ml.ruby-lang.org</a><br>
=C2=A0To unsubscribe send an email to <a href=3D"mailto:ruby-core-leave@ml.=
ruby-lang.org" target=3D"_blank">ruby-core-leave@ml.ruby-lang.org</a><br>
=C2=A0ruby-core info -- <a href=3D"https://ml.ruby-lang.org/mailman3/lists/=
ruby-core.ml.ruby-lang.org/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://m=
l.ruby-lang.org/mailman3/lists/ruby-core.ml.ruby-lang.org/</a></blockquote>=
</div><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div><span class=3D"gmail_signature_prefi=
x">-- </span><br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signature">Austin Ziegler =
=E2=80=A2 <a href=3D"mailto:halostatue@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">halosta=
tue@gmail.com</a> =E2=80=A2 <a href=3D"mailto:austin@halostatue.ca" target=
=3D"_blank">austin@halostatue.ca</a><br><a href=3D"http://www.halostatue.ca=
/" target=3D"_blank">http://www.halostatue.ca/</a> =E2=80=A2 <a href=3D"htt=
p://twitter.com/halostatue" target=3D"_blank">http://twitter.com/halostatue=
</a></div>
</blockquote></div>

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