* [TUHS] Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS @ 2023-01-25 1:46 Will Senn 2023-01-25 7:45 ` [TUHS] " segaloco via TUHS 0 siblings, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Will Senn @ 2023-01-25 1:46 UTC (permalink / raw) To: TUHS main list [-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 1785 bytes --] All, If you think unix ends without x, just move along, nothing to see here. Otherwise, I thought I would share the subject of my latest post and a link with those of you interested in such things. Recently, I've been tooling around trying to wrap my head around x windows and wanted to give programming it a shot at the xlib level... on my mac, if possible. So, I bought a copy of Adrian Nye's Xlib Programming Manual for Version 11 R4/R5, aka Volume One of The Definitive Guides to the X Window System, published, get this... 30+ years ago, in 1992 :) and started reading like a madman. As usual, this was an example of great technical writing from the prior millenium, something rarely found today. Anyway, I hunted up the source code examples as published, unpacked them, did a few environmental things to my mac, and built my first xlib application from that source. A few tweaks to my XQuartz configuration and I was running the application in twm on my mac, with a root window. To read about it and see it in all of its glory, check it out here: https://decuser.github.io/operating-systems/mojave/x-windows/2023/01/24/x-windows-dev-on-mac.html The same sort of setup works with Linux, FreeBSD, or my latest environment DragonFly BSD. It's not the environment that I find interesting, but rather the X Window System itself, but this is my way of entering into that world. If you are interested in running X Windows, not as an integrated system on your mac (where x apps run in aqua windows), but with a 'regular' window manager, and you haven't figured out how, this is one way. On the provocateur front - is X part of unix? I mean this in oh so many nuanced ways, so read into it as you will. I would contend, torpedoes be damned, that it is :). Will [-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 2418 bytes --] ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 1:46 [TUHS] Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS Will Senn @ 2023-01-25 7:45 ` segaloco via TUHS 2023-01-25 8:00 ` Lars Brinkhoff 2023-01-25 16:41 ` Rich Salz 0 siblings, 2 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: segaloco via TUHS @ 2023-01-25 7:45 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Will Senn; +Cc: TUHS main list [-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 4258 bytes --] I suspect even what with Wayland making the rounds, there'll probably be X around for a looooong time. My guess anyway. I just recently built an X setup from scratch on Linux, it wasn't too much of a pain save that the protocol headers have merged into the xorgproto package. I didn't realize this until I had already installed older versions of all the individual packages. I was surprised to learn in the process that xterm is not distributed by XOrg, but by someone else. It even features in the default xdm session along with xconsole and xsm, so certainly considered a standard component of X, but distributed and maintained independently it seems. Aa for the questions of the UNIX-ness of X, it started in Athena, which as I understand it was supposed to be relatively OS-agnostic distributed computing? In any case, the predecessor ran on a different OS, not sure how significant that is to the genesis of what would be called X or what OS it "started" on. Aside from the ubiquitous X books (which I mean to add to my library...) USL also shipped a handful of books with SVR4 concerning both X and NeWS. I've only got the Xlib one but it seems to cover the basics pretty well. I'd be curious to compare it to the other set. One of these days I mean to round out that SVR4 documentation set. There were probably materials in the SVR4.2 era as well but I haven't focused as much on those books. Dunno what if any documentation Novell then Caldera/SCO kept up with. I'd love a fresh round of print books, I much prefer paper for reference, but nowadays new tech material is most certainly second/third-hand rather than thoughtfully crafted by the team and those adjacent to whatever is being described. I love me a good primary source.... I've played with XQuartz a bit, mainly remote X from one of my Linux boxes. Kinda slow...but I did zero tuning so not sure what the expected performance of X-over-ssh is. In any case, given the ubiquity, I doubt we'll see X going anywhere soon, and even when it does eventually start to sunset, there'll probably be shims and wrappers for compatibility for a while longer. Plus, I don't know what the prospects are regarding Wayland and SVR4 derivs, but they're all happily running X still, and aren't necessarily getting any new large-scale development love, so likely will ride out with X. - Matt G. ------- Original Message ------- On Tuesday, January 24th, 2023 at 5:46 PM, Will Senn <will.senn@gmail.com> wrote: > All, > > If you think unix ends without x, just move along, nothing to see here. Otherwise, I thought I would share the subject of my latest post and a link with those of you interested in such things. > > Recently, I've been tooling around trying to wrap my head around x windows and wanted to give programming it a shot at the xlib level... on my mac, if possible. So, I bought a copy of Adrian Nye's Xlib Programming Manual for Version 11 R4/R5, aka Volume One of The Definitive Guides to the X Window System, published, get this... 30+ years ago, in 1992 :) and started reading like a madman. As usual, this was an example of great technical writing from the prior millenium, something rarely found today. > > Anyway, I hunted up the source code examples as published, unpacked them, did a few environmental things to my mac, and built my first xlib application from that source. A few tweaks to my XQuartz configuration and I was running the application in twm on my mac, with a root window. > > To read about it and see it in all of its glory, check it out here: > > https://decuser.github.io/operating-systems/mojave/x-windows/2023/01/24/x-windows-dev-on-mac.html > > The same sort of setup works with Linux, FreeBSD, or my latest environment DragonFly BSD. It's not the environment that I find interesting, but rather the X Window System itself, but this is my way of entering into that world. If you are interested in running X Windows, not as an integrated system on your mac (where x apps run in aqua windows), but with a 'regular' window manager, and you haven't figured out how, this is one way. > > On the provocateur front - is X part of unix? I mean this in oh so many nuanced ways, so read into it as you will. I would contend, torpedoes be damned, that it is :). > > Will [-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 5951 bytes --] ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 7:45 ` [TUHS] " segaloco via TUHS @ 2023-01-25 8:00 ` Lars Brinkhoff 2023-01-25 16:41 ` Rich Salz 1 sibling, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Lars Brinkhoff @ 2023-01-25 8:00 UTC (permalink / raw) To: segaloco via TUHS; +Cc: segaloco segaloco wrote: > A[s] for the questions of the UNIX-ness of X, it started in Athena It's my understanding it was started by Bob Scheifler of the CLU group. It was soon picked up by Jim Gettys and Project Athena. ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 7:45 ` [TUHS] " segaloco via TUHS 2023-01-25 8:00 ` Lars Brinkhoff @ 2023-01-25 16:41 ` Rich Salz 2023-01-25 19:53 ` Theodore Ts'o 1 sibling, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Rich Salz @ 2023-01-25 16:41 UTC (permalink / raw) To: segaloco; +Cc: TUHS main list [-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 652 bytes --] > Aa for the questions of the UNIX-ness of X, it started in Athena, which as > I understand it was supposed to be relatively OS-agnostic distributed > computing? In any case, the predecessor ran on a different OS, not sure how > significant that is to the genesis of what would be called X or what OS it > "started" on. > Athena was about scaling up Unix workstations. It was started with grants from IBM and Digital. It was never OS-agnostic. You can find a brief history of X at https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/x-power-tools/9780596101954/ch01.html, and the Wikipedia article on the X Window System is pretty good; reed the "History" section. [-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 1086 bytes --] ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 16:41 ` Rich Salz @ 2023-01-25 19:53 ` Theodore Ts'o 2023-01-25 20:04 ` Dan Cross ` (2 more replies) 0 siblings, 3 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Theodore Ts'o @ 2023-01-25 19:53 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Rich Salz; +Cc: segaloco, TUHS main list On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 11:41:12AM -0500, Rich Salz wrote: > > Aa for the questions of the UNIX-ness of X, it started in Athena, which as > > I understand it was supposed to be relatively OS-agnostic distributed > > computing? In any case, the predecessor ran on a different OS, not sure how > > significant that is to the genesis of what would be called X or what OS it > > "started" on. > > Athena was about scaling up Unix workstations. It was started with grants > from IBM and Digital. It was never OS-agnostic. Well..... technically Athena was about computing in higher ed. If you go far back enough, at the very beginning, we used VAX 750's and IBM PC/AT's running DOS. As soon as the Microvax 2's and IBM PC/RT's came in, about 2 or so years in, Project Athena switched to Unix workstations, but in the earliest days (which would have been pre-X Windows), Project Athena had not yet standardized on Unix or workstations for that matter. The VAX 750's were huge time-sharing systems that you could connect to via VT-100's and VS-100 that were hard-wired to the VAX 750's, and telnet from IBM PC/AT's. The smaller clusters used PC/AT's because they were more flexible as to which 750 you were connecting to; otherwise, undergraduates had to go to the right terminal room in the right part of campus to connect to the Vax 750 that you were assgined to based on the starting character of your last name. (And graduate students initially didn't have access to Project Athena at all; although if you were in EECS, LCS or the AI Lab you had access to dedicated systems, of course.) One of the perks for being hired as a student systems programmer back then was that you got accounts on all of the Vax 750's, so you could use any terminal room across campus. :-) We then would either rlogin to our "home" Vax 750, or we had scripts that would replicate our home directories across the various 750's. There was a brief, shining moment that we were standardized on BSD-derived Unix systems, but then IBM turned down AOS (the "academic" operating system), and we were forced to use AIX on the IBM RT's, with all that this implied: SMIT, and other horrors. "AIX: it *reminds* you of Unix...." was the saying at the time --- although we tried not to say that when the IBM engineers assigned Athena were in hearing range :-). The one saving grace of the IBM RT's was that they were three MIPS machines, while the Microvax's were but a single MIPS, and that made a huge different if you were running TeX or LaTeX. Cheers, - Ted ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 19:53 ` Theodore Ts'o @ 2023-01-25 20:04 ` Dan Cross 2023-01-25 20:23 ` Larry McVoy 2023-01-27 4:49 ` Theodore Ts'o 2023-01-26 13:17 ` Marc Donner 2023-02-08 22:12 ` [TUHS] project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) Jonathan Gray 2 siblings, 2 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Dan Cross @ 2023-01-25 20:04 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Theodore Ts'o; +Cc: segaloco, TUHS main list On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 2:54 PM Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote: >[snip] > The VAX 750's were huge time-sharing systems that you could connect to > via VT-100's and VS-100 that were hard-wired to the VAX 750's, and > telnet from IBM PC/AT's. The smaller clusters used PC/AT's because > they were more flexible as to which 750 you were connecting to; > otherwise, undergraduates had to go to the right terminal room in the > right part of campus to connect to the Vax 750 that you were assgined > to based on the starting character of your last name. (And graduate > students initially didn't have access to Project Athena at all; > although if you were in EECS, LCS or the AI Lab you had access to > dedicated systems, of course.) Was this before the introduction of DECserver terminal concentrators? >[snip] > There was a brief, shining moment that we were standardized on > BSD-derived Unix systems, but then IBM turned down AOS (the "academic" > operating system), and we were forced to use AIX on the IBM RT's, with > all that this implied: SMIT, and other horrors. Huh, I thought that AOS ran on all versions of the RT? I know they dropped support for it when the power-based RS/6000s came out and replaced the RT, though. > "AIX: it *reminds* you of Unix...." was the saying at the time --- > although we tried not to say that when the IBM engineers assigned > Athena were in hearing range :-). The one saving grace of the IBM > RT's was that they were three MIPS machines, while the Microvax's were > but a single MIPS, and that made a huge different if you were running > TeX or LaTeX. The RT was a weird duck, for sure. Compared to a SPARCstation it was absurdly slow, but I guess compared to a uVAX perhaps not so much. - Dan C. ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 20:04 ` Dan Cross @ 2023-01-25 20:23 ` Larry McVoy 2023-01-25 20:27 ` Chet Ramey 2023-01-27 4:49 ` Theodore Ts'o 1 sibling, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Larry McVoy @ 2023-01-25 20:23 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Dan Cross; +Cc: segaloco, TUHS main list On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 03:04:27PM -0500, Dan Cross wrote: > The RT was a weird duck, for sure. Compared to a SPARCstation it was > absurdly slow, but I guess compared to a uVAX perhaps not so much. I think the RT predated the SPARC machines. There were RT's running BSD at UW-Madison when I was a grad student there (UW did something, maybe the BSD port to RT?) and they were pretty nice. Sun machines were still 68K, there were no SPARCs at UW-Madison at that time. Yeah, looked it up, they were released in 1987, we had RT machines early, perhaps before the release in 1986 to do the port. -- --- Larry McVoy Retired to fishing http://www.mcvoy.com/lm/boat ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 20:23 ` Larry McVoy @ 2023-01-25 20:27 ` Chet Ramey 0 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Chet Ramey @ 2023-01-25 20:27 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Larry McVoy, Dan Cross; +Cc: segaloco, TUHS main list On 1/25/23 3:23 PM, Larry McVoy wrote: > On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 03:04:27PM -0500, Dan Cross wrote: >> The RT was a weird duck, for sure. Compared to a SPARCstation it was >> absurdly slow, but I guess compared to a uVAX perhaps not so much. > > I think the RT predated the SPARC machines. There were RT's running BSD > at UW-Madison when I was a grad student there (UW did something, maybe > the BSD port to RT?) and they were pretty nice. Didn't AOS use the UW BSD NFS port? I know it had NFS; we used them for a long time and I had one in my home for years. -- ``The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.'' - Chaucer ``Ars longa, vita brevis'' - Hippocrates Chet Ramey, UTech, CWRU chet@case.edu http://tiswww.cwru.edu/~chet/ ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 20:04 ` Dan Cross 2023-01-25 20:23 ` Larry McVoy @ 2023-01-27 4:49 ` Theodore Ts'o 2023-01-27 18:05 ` Henry Mensch 1 sibling, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Theodore Ts'o @ 2023-01-27 4:49 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Dan Cross; +Cc: segaloco, TUHS main list On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 03:04:27PM -0500, Dan Cross wrote: > On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 2:54 PM Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote: > >[snip] > > The VAX 750's were huge time-sharing systems that you could connect to > > via VT-100's and VS-100 that were hard-wired to the VAX 750's, and > > telnet from IBM PC/AT's. The smaller clusters used PC/AT's because > > they were more flexible as to which 750 you were connecting to; > > otherwise, undergraduates had to go to the right terminal room in the > > right part of campus to connect to the Vax 750 that you were assgined > > to based on the starting character of your last name. (And graduate > > students initially didn't have access to Project Athena at all; > > although if you were in EECS, LCS or the AI Lab you had access to > > dedicated systems, of course.) > > Was this before the introduction of DECserver terminal concentrators? I'm not sure; this would have been in the 1985--1987 time frame. > >[snip] > > There was a brief, shining moment that we were standardized on > > BSD-derived Unix systems, but then IBM turned down AOS (the "academic" > > operating system), and we were forced to use AIX on the IBM RT's, with > > all that this implied: SMIT, and other horrors. > > Huh, I thought that AOS ran on all versions of the RT? I know they > dropped support for it when the power-based RS/6000s came out and > replaced the RT, though. Well, it perhaps would have been more accurate that IBM had decided to that AIX was the future, and had defunded the AOS group. While AOS may have continued to work on the IBM RT's, the Powers That Be at IBM had decided that AIX was the future, and when the company which is sending you $5 million dollars a year (half in hardware and engineers' salaries, and half in cold hard cash) wants you to switch to AIX, you salute and reinstall AIX on all of the IBM RT's.... Later on we did get the RS/6000's, but at that point, most of us who wanted something... that wasn't AIX, would try to get the VAXstation 3100 and later, the M38 variant. My first staff workstation at MIT was a VS-3100 named rt-11.mit.edu, and the VS-3100 M38 was tsx-11.mit.edu, which became the first FTP site for Linux in North America in 1991. (I'm not sure how many people realized that the primary ftp server for Linux was named after an obscure time-sharing OS built on top of RT-11 for the PDP-11. :-) > The RT was a weird duck, for sure. Well, there were the jokes that the RT was an overgrown typewriter controller with pretensions. :-) And it's floating-point performance was crap, but if you were only doing integer operations (e.g., running TeX, running compiles), it wasn't half-bad if it wasn't running AIX. > Compared to a SPARCstation it was > absurdly slow, but I guess compared to a uVAX perhaps not so much. Alas, Sun wasn't one of Project Athena's sponsors; just IBM and DEC. It also didn't help that our contemporaneous uVax's were mostly the VS II/RC's, with the the epoxyed backplane which limited the amount of amount of memory that could be put in them.... - Ted ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-27 4:49 ` Theodore Ts'o @ 2023-01-27 18:05 ` Henry Mensch 2023-01-27 18:24 ` Charles H Sauer (he/him) 0 siblings, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Henry Mensch @ 2023-01-27 18:05 UTC (permalink / raw) To: 'Theodore Ts'o', 'Dan Cross' Cc: 'segaloco', 'TUHS main list' This was certainly true before 1986; I joined Project Athena in April of 1986 and this was quite well established by then. And it was no real surprise when IBM killed off AOS. AIX was already "product" and there was no commercially installed base for RT/PC systems worth mentioning ... (part of my job at the time was to identify and document the differences) -----Original Message----- From: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Sent: 26 January 2023 23:50 To: Dan Cross <crossd@gmail.com> Cc: segaloco <segaloco@protonmail.com>; TUHS main list <tuhs@tuhs.org> Subject: [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 03:04:27PM -0500, Dan Cross wrote: > On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 2:54 PM Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote: > >[snip] > > otherwise, undergraduates had to go to the right terminal room > >in the right part of campus to connect to the Vax 750 that you were > >assgined to based on the starting character of your last name. I'm not sure; this would have been in the 1985--1987 time frame. -snip- Well, it perhaps would have been more accurate that IBM had decided to that AIX was the future, and had defunded the AOS group. ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-27 18:05 ` Henry Mensch @ 2023-01-27 18:24 ` Charles H Sauer (he/him) 0 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Charles H Sauer (he/him) @ 2023-01-27 18:24 UTC (permalink / raw) To: tuhs The decision to end AOS was made sometime in 1H88 and the group of us that defined the "convergence" was formed. Our work must have been largely complete when I presented our plans at Berkeley 11/88 at a workshop that coincided with the Morris worm. I assume we submitted the Uniforum 89 paper (https://technologists.com/sauer/Convergence_of_AIX_and_4.3BSD.pdf) about then, as well. On 1/27/2023 12:05 PM, Henry Mensch wrote: > This was certainly true before 1986; I joined Project Athena in April of > 1986 and this was quite well established by then. > > And it was no real surprise when IBM killed off AOS. AIX was already > "product" and there was no commercially installed base for RT/PC systems > worth mentioning ... (part of my job at the time was to identify and > document the differences) > > -----Original Message----- > From: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> > Sent: 26 January 2023 23:50 > To: Dan Cross <crossd@gmail.com> > Cc: segaloco <segaloco@protonmail.com>; TUHS main list <tuhs@tuhs.org> > Subject: [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS > > On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 03:04:27PM -0500, Dan Cross wrote: >> On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 2:54 PM Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote: >>> [snip] >>> otherwise, undergraduates had to go to the right terminal room >>> in the right part of campus to connect to the Vax 750 that you were >>> assgined to based on the starting character of your last name. > > I'm not sure; this would have been in the 1985--1987 time frame. > -snip- > Well, it perhaps would have been more accurate that IBM had decided to that > AIX was the future, and had defunded the AOS group. > > -- voice: +1.512.784.7526 e-mail: sauer@technologists.com fax: +1.512.346.5240 Web: https://technologists.com/sauer/ Facebook/Google/Twitter: CharlesHSauer ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS 2023-01-25 19:53 ` Theodore Ts'o 2023-01-25 20:04 ` Dan Cross @ 2023-01-26 13:17 ` Marc Donner 2023-02-08 22:12 ` [TUHS] project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) Jonathan Gray 2 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Marc Donner @ 2023-01-26 13:17 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Theodore Ts'o; +Cc: TUHS main list, segaloco [-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 3963 bytes --] A couple of years after Athena got going the Andrew project at CMU got started. That project focused primarily on early Sun workstations. There was some fooling around with some sort of Unix on the PC/AT, but the lack of virtual memory support and the weakness of the networking cards for the machine meant that we never saw them. My memory of how X evolved is a bit confused, but there was a collaboration between Athena and Andrew. Each had built window systems independently. My recollection is that Gosling, Rosenthal, and Sidebotham built the core of the CMU one. It introduced the separation between the display engine (the ‘server’) and the application (the ‘client’) using an ancestor of the X Protocol. After a while a consolidated window system was agreed, using front end ideas from the MIT W system and the CMU wm system and preserving the X Protocol. This produced a flexible architecture that allowed an application to run anywhere and display in a window anywhere else. It also made networking support a must. On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 2:54 PM Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote: > On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 11:41:12AM -0500, Rich Salz wrote: > > > Aa for the questions of the UNIX-ness of X, it started in Athena, > which as > > > I understand it was supposed to be relatively OS-agnostic distributed > > > computing? In any case, the predecessor ran on a different OS, not > sure how > > > significant that is to the genesis of what would be called X or what > OS it > > > "started" on. > > > > Athena was about scaling up Unix workstations. It was started with grants > > from IBM and Digital. It was never OS-agnostic. > > Well..... technically Athena was about computing in higher ed. If you > go far back enough, at the very beginning, we used VAX 750's and IBM > PC/AT's running DOS. As soon as the Microvax 2's and IBM PC/RT's came > in, about 2 or so years in, Project Athena switched to Unix > workstations, but in the earliest days (which would have been pre-X > Windows), Project Athena had not yet standardized on Unix or > workstations for that matter. > > The VAX 750's were huge time-sharing systems that you could connect to > via VT-100's and VS-100 that were hard-wired to the VAX 750's, and > telnet from IBM PC/AT's. The smaller clusters used PC/AT's because > they were more flexible as to which 750 you were connecting to; > otherwise, undergraduates had to go to the right terminal room in the > right part of campus to connect to the Vax 750 that you were assgined > to based on the starting character of your last name. (And graduate > students initially didn't have access to Project Athena at all; > although if you were in EECS, LCS or the AI Lab you had access to > dedicated systems, of course.) > > One of the perks for being hired as a student systems programmer back > then was that you got accounts on all of the Vax 750's, so you could > use any terminal room across campus. :-) We then would either rlogin > to our "home" Vax 750, or we had scripts that would replicate our home > directories across the various 750's. > > There was a brief, shining moment that we were standardized on > BSD-derived Unix systems, but then IBM turned down AOS (the "academic" > operating system), and we were forced to use AIX on the IBM RT's, with > all that this implied: SMIT, and other horrors. > > "AIX: it *reminds* you of Unix...." was the saying at the time --- > although we tried not to say that when the IBM engineers assigned > Athena were in hearing range :-). The one saving grace of the IBM > RT's was that they were three MIPS machines, while the Microvax's were > but a single MIPS, and that made a huge different if you were running > TeX or LaTeX. > > Cheers, > > - Ted > -- ===== nygeek.net mindthegapdialogs.com/home <https://www.mindthegapdialogs.com/home> [-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 4839 bytes --] ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-01-25 19:53 ` Theodore Ts'o 2023-01-25 20:04 ` Dan Cross 2023-01-26 13:17 ` Marc Donner @ 2023-02-08 22:12 ` Jonathan Gray 2023-02-09 2:51 ` [TUHS] " Theodore Ts'o 2023-02-11 0:23 ` Henry Mensch 2 siblings, 2 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Jonathan Gray @ 2023-02-08 22:12 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Theodore Ts'o; +Cc: tuhs On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 02:53:30PM -0500, Theodore Ts'o wrote: > On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 11:41:12AM -0500, Rich Salz wrote: > > > Aa for the questions of the UNIX-ness of X, it started in Athena, which as > > > I understand it was supposed to be relatively OS-agnostic distributed > > > computing? In any case, the predecessor ran on a different OS, not sure how > > > significant that is to the genesis of what would be called X or what OS it > > > "started" on. > > > > Athena was about scaling up Unix workstations. It was started with grants > > from IBM and Digital. It was never OS-agnostic. > > Well..... technically Athena was about computing in higher ed. If you > go far back enough, at the very beginning, we used VAX 750's and IBM > PC/AT's running DOS. As soon as the Microvax 2's and IBM PC/RT's came > in, about 2 or so years in, Project Athena switched to Unix > workstations, but in the earliest days (which would have been pre-X > Windows), Project Athena had not yet standardized on Unix or > workstations for that matter. Before the PC/RT machines and AOS, there was also an attempt at PC/XT machines with Genix running on a add-in card. "IBM, which has recently established an IBU called Academic Information Systems (ACIS) to address colleges, universities, and schools, will use the Genix32 operating system from National Semiconductor. Genix32, still under development, is based on 4.2BSD (Berkeley's demand-paged Unix system) and runs on the NS32032 32-bit MPU. A previous Genix version was based on 4.1BSD and ran on the NS16032. IBM is likely to use the system on the IAWS (Interim Advanced Workstation, a PC equipped with an NS32032 board, probably also from Sritek." Unix World Vol01.05 https://archive.org/details/Unix_World_Vol01_05.pdf/page/n30/mode/1up "IBM SHIPS XT'S WITH 16032 COPROCESSORS IBM will soon ship 150 XTs containing plug-in National Semiconductor 16032 16-bit microprocessor-based CPU cards to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for use on its large networking development project (described previously in this column). The boards are made by Sritek and include the National Semiconductor floating point math co-processor ICs. IBM will also provide its new video controller board with high density graphics capability and the Berkeley version of the UNIX operating system. The 16032 is a 32-bit microprocessor with 16-bit I/O clocked at 10MHz. It supports a demand-paged virtual-memory environment similar to the DEC VAX. The networking research project, funded by Digital Equipment Corp. ($40 million), IBM ($10 million), and MIT ($12 million), is expected, within five years, to tie together 6,000 personal computers, 63 DEC VAX minicomputers, and 150 DEC VAX microcomputers. All the systems will run various versions of UNIX. It is expected that most of the personal computer workstations will be Sun Microsystems and new DEC units similar to the Sun systems. MIT is expected to develop an enhanced version of UNIX (which was designed only to be a multi-user time sharing system) to operate in a shared resource network environment with enhanced graphics user interfaces utilizing windows and mice. It will probably be called the MIT version of Unix." PC Tech Journal, June 1984, Vol 1, No 9 https://archive.org/details/PC_Tech_Journal_vol01_n09/page/n29/mode/2up "The IBM PC/XT was to be a shell within which the IBM Athena workstation was to be built. High-speed co-processor cards and high-resolution graphics boards were to be piggybacked onto the IBM PCs. These plans fell through because of problems with the co-processor card. ... The project awaits the delivery of 80 IBM PC/ATs. These machines will run XENIX" Simson L. Garfinkel - Athena at MIT The Tech, Vol 105, No 3, Feb 12, 1985 https://thetech.com/issues/105/3/pdf Http://tech.mit.edu:8080/V105/N3/athena.03n.html (cached) ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-02-08 22:12 ` [TUHS] project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) Jonathan Gray @ 2023-02-09 2:51 ` Theodore Ts'o 2023-02-11 0:13 ` Henry Mensch 2023-02-11 0:23 ` Henry Mensch 1 sibling, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Theodore Ts'o @ 2023-02-09 2:51 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Jonathan Gray; +Cc: tuhs On Thu, Feb 09, 2023 at 09:12:28AM +1100, Jonathan Gray wrote: > > Before the PC/RT machines and AOS, there was also an attempt at PC/XT > machines with Genix running on a add-in card. It's possible that there were some IBM'ers at MIT Building E40 (where Project Athena was headquartered) that were playing with a PC/XT with a co-processor board, but as far as I know that was never deployed in the field --- at least, I never saw them. The only I saw were PC/AT's (that is, the ones with the '286 CPU) that ran DOS and which were essentially used only to telnet to the Vax 750's (or supdup to the MIT AI / LCS lab machines, but most undergraduates didn't have access to those computers; connecting to MIT Multics was also possible, via a 3270 emulator, but again, most undergrduates didn't have access, although MIT's Student Information Processing Board could give out limited accounts for undergraduates to experiment with Multics.) - Ted ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-02-09 2:51 ` [TUHS] " Theodore Ts'o @ 2023-02-11 0:13 ` Henry Mensch 2023-02-11 0:53 ` Larry McVoy 0 siblings, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Henry Mensch @ 2023-02-11 0:13 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Theodore Ts'o, Jonathan Gray; +Cc: tuhs that would have happened before I arrived in April of 1986. my first job at Athena was to. get folks off those XTs and (mostly) ATs. This was wildly unsuccessful and unpopular because the replacement hardware wouldn't be similarly capable... and also because, even then, there were more things that could be plugged into XTs and ATs. The old platform was perceived as more versatile. - Henry On February 9, 2023 20:30:47 "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> wrote: > On Thu, Feb 09, 2023 at 09:12:28AM +1100, Jonathan Gray wrote: >> >> Before the PC/RT machines and AOS, there was also an attempt at PC/XT >> machines with Genix running on a add-in card. > > It's possible that there were some IBM'ers at MIT Building E40 (where > Project Athena was headquartered) that were playing with a PC/XT with > a co-processor board, but as far as I know that was never deployed in > the field --- at least, I never saw them. The only I saw were PC/AT's > (that is, the ones with the '286 CPU) that ran DOS and which were > essentially used only to telnet to the Vax 750's (or supdup to the MIT > AI / LCS lab machines, but most undergraduates didn't have access to > those computers; connecting to MIT Multics was also possible, via a > 3270 emulator, but again, most undergrduates didn't have access, > although MIT's Student Information Processing Board could give out > limited accounts for undergraduates to experiment with Multics.) > > - Ted ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-02-11 0:13 ` Henry Mensch @ 2023-02-11 0:53 ` Larry McVoy 2023-02-11 3:51 ` Jonathan Gray 0 siblings, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Larry McVoy @ 2023-02-11 0:53 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Henry Mensch; +Cc: Theodore Ts'o, Jonathan Gray, tuhs On Fri, Feb 10, 2023 at 07:13:41PM -0500, Henry Mensch wrote: > that would have happened before I arrived in April of 1986. my first job at Athena was to. get folks off those XTs and (mostly) ATs. > > This was wildly unsuccessful and unpopular because the replacement hardware wouldn't be similarly capable... and also because, even then, there were more things that could be plugged into XTs and ATs. The old platform was perceived as more versatile. > > - Henry So the "old platform" was the National 32016 addon cards that somehow ran a Unix? I'd love to learn more about that, I really liked the 320xx architecture, seemed like a winner but my memory is they were buggy. Still would like to get some idea of what it was like to run on an XT/AT with that card plugged in. Did you boot DOS and that somehow booted Unix or what? --lm ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-02-11 0:53 ` Larry McVoy @ 2023-02-11 3:51 ` Jonathan Gray 2023-02-11 14:48 ` Larry McVoy 0 siblings, 1 reply; 21+ messages in thread From: Jonathan Gray @ 2023-02-11 3:51 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Larry McVoy; +Cc: tuhs On Fri, Feb 10, 2023 at 04:53:22PM -0800, Larry McVoy wrote: > On Fri, Feb 10, 2023 at 07:13:41PM -0500, Henry Mensch wrote: > > that would have happened before I arrived in April of 1986. my first job at Athena was to. get folks off those XTs and (mostly) ATs. > > > > This was wildly unsuccessful and unpopular because the replacement hardware wouldn't be similarly capable... and also because, even then, there were more things that could be plugged into XTs and ATs. The old platform was perceived as more versatile. > > > > - Henry > > So the "old platform" was the National 32016 addon cards that somehow > ran a Unix? It seems that configuration wasn't used. "Phase I: The off-the-shelf system ... The closest approximation to the intended workstation environment economically feasible on available Digital hardware at the time the project began was minicomputer time-sharing systems. Approximately 50 VAX 11/750 minicomputers have been installed, each with six to eight graphics-capable terminals. ... The closest approximation to the eventual workstation configuration available in the IBM catalog for Phase I was the PC/AT personal computer, with a Professional Graphics Display and 3COM Ethernet interface. Approximately 160 PC/AT's have been installed. The software environment consists of PC/DOS, plus a set of higher level languages and application packages chosen to simplify moving to an eventual UNIX environment. In addition, 105 PC/XT personal computers, mostly with Color Graphics Display, have been installed, primarily for use as laboratory experiment controllers and also as cluster print servers for the PC/AT's." Evolution to the Athena Workstation Model: An Overview of the Development Plan http://web.mit.edu/saltzer/www/publications/athenaplan/d.pdf > > I'd love to learn more about that, I really liked the 320xx architecture, > seemed like a winner but my memory is they were buggy. Still would like > to get some idea of what it was like to run on an XT/AT with that card > plugged in. Did you boot DOS and that somehow booted Unix or what? > > --lm Multiple companies made these kinds of cards. Some are mentioned in an ad: https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_MiniMicroS_110087111/page/20/mode/2up http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Defhard.html http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Opus.html http://bitsavers.org/pdf/opusSystems/32k/800-00237-000_Opus_100pm_User_Manual_1987.pdf The DSI-32 Coprocessor Board, Part 1: The Hardware https://archive.org/details/BYTE_Vol_10-08_1985-08_The_Amiga/page/n127/mode/2up The DSI-32 Coprocessor Board, Part 2: The Software https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1985-09/page/n103/mode/2up ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-02-11 3:51 ` Jonathan Gray @ 2023-02-11 14:48 ` Larry McVoy 2023-02-12 2:26 ` Jonathan Gray 2023-02-12 21:35 ` Henry Mensch 0 siblings, 2 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Larry McVoy @ 2023-02-11 14:48 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Jonathan Gray; +Cc: tuhs On Sat, Feb 11, 2023 at 02:51:55PM +1100, Jonathan Gray wrote: > http://bitsavers.org/pdf/opusSystems/32k/800-00237-000_Opus_100pm_User_Manual_1987.pdf That gave me the best "feel" for what it was like. Still would like to hear from someone that ran on this on a day to day basis. It looks pretty cool but either it happened a little too late for me (by 1987 I was working for Lachman porting Unix to the ETA-10 and I was running on Sun3/50 as my desktop and Sun3/260 as the file server) or I missed it. I owned an AT&T Unix PC in college (I think, or I used Rob Netzer's but I think we had 2 of them) and it would be interesting to know how the 320xx on an AT stacked up against that. ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-02-11 14:48 ` Larry McVoy @ 2023-02-12 2:26 ` Jonathan Gray 2023-02-12 21:35 ` Henry Mensch 1 sibling, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Jonathan Gray @ 2023-02-12 2:26 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Larry McVoy; +Cc: tuhs On Sat, Feb 11, 2023 at 06:48:32AM -0800, Larry McVoy wrote: > On Sat, Feb 11, 2023 at 02:51:55PM +1100, Jonathan Gray wrote: > > http://bitsavers.org/pdf/opusSystems/32k/800-00237-000_Opus_100pm_User_Manual_1987.pdf > > That gave me the best "feel" for what it was like. Still would like to > hear from someone that ran on this on a day to day basis. It looks > pretty cool but either it happened a little too late for me (by 1987 > I was working for Lachman porting Unix to the ETA-10 and I was running > on Sun3/50 as my desktop and Sun3/260 as the file server) or I missed > it. Not sure when the Sritek 16032 card was announced. It was discussed in the June 1983 issue of Byte Sudha Kavuru Modular Architecture, Designing a modular computer around the IBM PC https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-06-rescan/page/n195/mode/2up and shown at the January 1984 UniForum: "Sritek manufactures high-performance coprocessors and advanced operating systems for the IBM PC and XT. The Xenix System 3.0 for the Sritek 68000 coprocessor offers paged-memory management which can support up to 16 users. For the 16032 coprocessor we offer the Berkeley 4.1 BSD which supports 32-bit demand-paged virtual memory management and floating-point hardware. We will soon offer the 4.2 BSD version with networking facilities. UNIX System V will be available on the 68000, 16032 and 80286 coprocessors during the second quarter of 1984." https://archive.org/details/1984-proceedings-uni-forum-dc/page/n30/mode/2up For the 68000 card, an interesting writeup is in the April 1983 issue of InfoWorld. Sritek cards were offered to both MIT and CMU while they were waiting for the RT PCs. "CMU will use Sritek coprocessor boards Sritek, of Cleveland, Ohio, and Carnegie-Mellon University, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, have agreed that Sritek will supply the university with several hundred of its 68000 coprocessor boards with XENIX software for the IBM PC XT. According to a Carnegie-Mellon spokesman, the school will use the enhanced computer as a transition work station until its new system, under development in cooperation with IBM, is ready. The university and IBM are working on a 32-bit microcomputer with one megabyte of RAM and high-resolution bit-mapped graphics that will be used in a campus network of 7500 work stations. The machine is not expected to be ready until 1991, however. CMU also plans to offer the enhanced IBM XT to faculty, students and CMU employees for purchase at a discount. Sritek hardware will be included in this plan." ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-02-11 14:48 ` Larry McVoy 2023-02-12 2:26 ` Jonathan Gray @ 2023-02-12 21:35 ` Henry Mensch 1 sibling, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Henry Mensch @ 2023-02-12 21:35 UTC (permalink / raw) To: 'Larry McVoy', 'Jonathan Gray'; +Cc: tuhs I don't think you will find that. These systems were, pretty much, out in the world and not particularly managed by anyone except the people who were using them (largely educators and researchers). While the PC/ATs were deployed by Project Athena, they were not managed. By the time I landed there the RT devices were the focus of future activity since they more closely fit into the plan and folks like Ted were in a better position to do what was needed to build a platform that was uniform. -----Original Message----- From: Larry McVoy <lm@mcvoy.com> Sent: 11 February 2023 09:49 To: Jonathan Gray <jsg@jsg.id.au> Cc: Larry McVoy <lm@mcvoy.com>; Henry Mensch <henry@henare.com>; Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>; tuhs@tuhs.org Subject: Re: [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) On Sat, Feb 11, 2023 at 02:51:55PM +1100, Jonathan Gray wrote: > http://bitsavers.org/pdf/opusSystems/32k/800-00237-000_Opus_100pm_User > _Manual_1987.pdf That gave me the best "feel" for what it was like. Still would like to hear from someone that ran on this on a day to day basis. It looks pretty cool but either it happened a little too late for me (by 1987 I was working for Lachman porting Unix to the ETA-10 and I was running on Sun3/50 as my desktop and Sun3/260 as the file server) or I missed it. I owned an AT&T Unix PC in college (I think, or I used Rob Netzer's but I think we had 2 of them) and it would be interesting to know how the 320xx on an AT stacked up against that. ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
* [TUHS] Re: project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) 2023-02-08 22:12 ` [TUHS] project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) Jonathan Gray 2023-02-09 2:51 ` [TUHS] " Theodore Ts'o @ 2023-02-11 0:23 ` Henry Mensch 1 sibling, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread From: Henry Mensch @ 2023-02-11 0:23 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Jonathan Gray, Theodore Ts'o; +Cc: tuhs On February 8, 2023 17:12:50 Jonathan Gray <jsg@jsg.id.au> wrote: > "IBM SHIPS XT'S WITH 16032 COPROCESSORS > > The project awaits the delivery of 80 IBM PC/ATs. These machines will > run XENIX" AFAIK, this (XENIX) never happened, except perhaps in a very rudimentsry way by someone evaluating things. The PC/ATs shipped with PGA graphics cards and PGA wasn't compatible with anything that wasn't IBM produced. it died just a few years later when VGA started to become a thing. ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2023-02-12 21:35 UTC | newest] Thread overview: 21+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed) -- links below jump to the message on this page -- 2023-01-25 1:46 [TUHS] Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS Will Senn 2023-01-25 7:45 ` [TUHS] " segaloco via TUHS 2023-01-25 8:00 ` Lars Brinkhoff 2023-01-25 16:41 ` Rich Salz 2023-01-25 19:53 ` Theodore Ts'o 2023-01-25 20:04 ` Dan Cross 2023-01-25 20:23 ` Larry McVoy 2023-01-25 20:27 ` Chet Ramey 2023-01-27 4:49 ` Theodore Ts'o 2023-01-27 18:05 ` Henry Mensch 2023-01-27 18:24 ` Charles H Sauer (he/him) 2023-01-26 13:17 ` Marc Donner 2023-02-08 22:12 ` [TUHS] project athena (was Re: Setting up an X Development Environment for Mac OS) Jonathan Gray 2023-02-09 2:51 ` [TUHS] " Theodore Ts'o 2023-02-11 0:13 ` Henry Mensch 2023-02-11 0:53 ` Larry McVoy 2023-02-11 3:51 ` Jonathan Gray 2023-02-11 14:48 ` Larry McVoy 2023-02-12 2:26 ` Jonathan Gray 2023-02-12 21:35 ` Henry Mensch 2023-02-11 0:23 ` Henry Mensch
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