From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.2 (2018-09-13) on inbox.vuxu.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.8 required=5.0 tests=HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS, MAILING_LIST_MULTI,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.2 Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (minnie.tuhs.org [45.79.103.53]) by inbox.vuxu.org (OpenSMTPD) with ESMTP id 50560a8d for ; Thu, 6 Feb 2020 14:34:24 +0000 (UTC) Received: by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix, from userid 112) id B22319CC10; Fri, 7 Feb 2020 00:34:23 +1000 (AEST) Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7C2EF9CB86; Fri, 7 Feb 2020 00:33:22 +1000 (AEST) Received: by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix, from userid 112) id E2F529CB86; Fri, 7 Feb 2020 00:33:18 +1000 (AEST) Received: from mail.cs.dartmouth.edu (mail.cs.dartmouth.edu [129.170.212.100]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 357CB9CB15 for ; Fri, 7 Feb 2020 00:33:17 +1000 (AEST) Received: from coolidge.cs.dartmouth.edu (coolidge.cs.dartmouth.edu [129.170.213.217]) by mail.cs.dartmouth.edu (8.15.2/8.15.2) with ESMTPS id 016EXD6N2436955 (version=TLSv1.3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 6 Feb 2020 09:33:13 -0500 Received: from coolidge.cs.dartmouth.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by coolidge.cs.dartmouth.edu (8.15.2/8.15.2) with ESMTP id 016EXDkj949203 for ; Thu, 6 Feb 2020 09:33:13 -0500 Received: (from doug@localhost) by coolidge.cs.dartmouth.edu (8.15.2/8.15.2/Submit) id 016EXDYs949202 for tuhs@tuhs.org; Thu, 6 Feb 2020 09:33:13 -0500 From: Doug McIlroy Message-Id: <202002061433.016EXDYs949202@coolidge.cs.dartmouth.edu> Date: Thu, 06 Feb 2020 09:33:13 -0500 To: tuhs@tuhs.org User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="=_5e3c23a9.rx2ZH2L3W7j72ScXgBymM9SZLQlfzQFlGLssh58xgZ/ZP3zK" Subject: Re: [TUHS] System Call History X-BeenThere: tuhs@minnie.tuhs.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.26 Precedence: list List-Id: The Unix Heritage Society mailing list List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: tuhs-bounces@minnie.tuhs.org Sender: "TUHS" This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --=_5e3c23a9.rx2ZH2L3W7j72ScXgBymM9SZLQlfzQFlGLssh58xgZ/ZP3zK Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline > Does anybody have or know of a list of system calls that describes > when and what version of UNIX (and descendents) they were added? Hardly a week goes by in which I don't refer to the attached condensed listing of all the man pages in v1-v9, taken from my "Research Unix Reader". It casts a much narrower net than Diomedes Spinelli's repository. but it takes no clicking to look thing up--just a quick grep. Doug --=_5e3c23a9.rx2ZH2L3W7j72ScXgBymM9SZLQlfzQFlGLssh58xgZ/ZP3zK Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="contents" Combined Table of Contents The following table lists every page ever printed in a research edition. In general the presence of a page in an edition is signaled by +; a number instead of + indicates that the page appeared in a different chapter of that edi@@\ @ tion. An appended name in brackets [ ] means that a manual page was later incorporated into or obsoleted by the named page. Research software that was not included in distribution tapes was generally omitted from the v6 and v7 manuals. For v7 an addendum about unexported software was printed for local use; items from it are flagged L. Thus one can infer from the table that apl existed from v5 through v7, but was never distributed. In v5 it lived in chapter 6, @@@@@@User maintained commands.@\ @@@@@ It disappeared with v8, a casualty of the conversion from PDP@@@11s to V\ AXes. Many trivial name changes are quietly ignored, e.g. a change from cons(4) in v8 to console(4) in v9 and from file system(V) in v1@@@v3 to fs(V) in v4@@@6 to fil\ sys(5) in v7@@@v9. The short descriptions also changed from time to time; those given here are from v7 or else from the edition where the page first appeared. 1. Commands In v1@@@v6, commands were classified as standard or as @\ @@@@@user maintained,@@@@@@ the latter being relegated t\ o chapter 6. In this list both categories appear in chapter 1. Games, though, are listed with chapter 6 as always. Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . + + + intro introduction to commands . + + . . . . . . : place label [goto] . . . . . . . + + = redo previous shell command + . + . . . . . . acct get connect@@@time accountin\ g . . . . . . + . + adb debugger . . . . . . . + . altran language for algebraic computation [l\ angs] . . . . 6 . L . . apl APL interpreter . . . . . . . + + apply apply a command to a set of arguments . . . . . . . + + apsend send troff output to aps@@@5 + + + + + + + + + ar archive and library maintainer . . . . . . + . . arcv convert archives to new format + + + + + + + + + as assembler . . . . . . . + . asa interpret ASA control characters . . . . . . . + + ascii interpret ASCII characters Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . + + + at execute commands at a later time . . . . . . + + + awk pattern scanning and processing langu\ age . . . 6 6 6 . . . azel obtain satellite predictions + + + . . . . . . b compile b program . . . . . . . . + backup backup and recover files . . . . . . + . . badblk dispose of unusable disk + + + + 6 + + . . bas basic [hoc] 6 6 . . . . . . . basic DEC supplied basic [langs] . . . . . . + + + basename strip filename affixes . . . . . + + + + bc arbitrary@@@precision arithm\ etic language + . . . . . . . . boot reboot system [20boot(8)] . . . . . . L . . bs a compiler/interpreter for modest@\ @@sized programs . . . . . . . + + bundle collect files for distribution 6 6 . 6 6 6 + + 7 cal print calendar . . . . . . + + + calendar reminder service . . . . . . L . . call ring a telephone . . . . . . . + + can interface to Cannon laser@@@\ printer spooler + + + + + + + + + cat catenate and print . . . + 6 . . . . catsim phototypesetter simulator . . . . . . + + + cb C program beautifier . . . . . . . + + cbt btree utilities . + + + + + + + + cc C compiler . . . . . . + . . cd change working directory [sh] . . + + + + . . . cdb C debugger [adb] . . . . . . L + . cflow generate C flow graph + + + + + + . . . chdir change working directory [cd] + + + + + + + + + chmod change mode + + + + + 8 + 8 8 chown change owner or group . . . . . . . . + cin C interpreter . . . . . . . + + cite process citations in a document . . . . . . . + . clear clear terminal screen + + + + + + + + + cmp compare two files . . . . 6 6 + . . col filter reverse line feeds [column] . . . . . . . + + column column alignment . . . . + + + + + comm select or reject lines common to two \ sorted files . . . . . . + . . con connect to another UNIX [dcon] . . . . . . . + + coreid identify source of a core image + + + + + + + + + cp copy file . . . . . . L + + cpio copy file archives in and out . 6 + + + + L . . cref cross@@@reference table . . + . . . + + 6 crypt encode/decode . . . . . . . + + ct call terminal (and start a session) . . . . . . + + + cu call Unix . . . . . . . + + cut rearrange columns of text . . . . . . . + + cyntax C syntax checker . . . . . . . + + d202 phototypesetter filters 6 6 . . . . . . . das disassembler [adb] + + + + + + + + + date print and set the date + + + + + + . . . db symbolic debugger [adb] + . . . . . . . . dbppt write binary paper tape [dump] + + + + + + + + + dc desk calculator . . . . . . . + + dcon remote login and execution Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . + + + + + dd convert and copy a file . . . . . . + + + deroff remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn cons\ tructs + + + 8 8 8 + + + df disk free . . . . + + + + + diff differential file comparator . . . . . . + + . diff3 3@@@way differential file co\ mparison . . . . . . . + + dired directory editor . . . . . . . + + docgen generate a document from a script . . . . . . . + + doctype guess command line for formatting a d\ ocument 6 6 8 . . . . . . dli load DEC binary paper tapes 6 6 . . . . . . . dpt read DEC ASCII paper tapes . . . . . . L . . draw edit a circuit diagram . + . . . . . . . ds verify directory hierarchy + + + + + + . . . dsw delete files interactively [rm] + . . . . . . . . dtf format DECtape + + + + + + + + + du summarize disk usage . . . . . . + . . dumpdir print the names of files on a dump ta\ pe . + + + + + + + + echo echo arguments + + + + + + + + + ed text editor . . . . . . . + . efl extended Fortran language preprocesso\ r . . . . + + + + + eqn typeset mathematics . . . . . . + + + expr evaluate arguments as an expression . + + + + + . . . exit end command sequence [sh] . . . . . . + + + f77 Fortran 77 compiler . . + + 6 6 + + + factor factor a number, generate large prime\ s . + + + + + . . . fc compile Fortran program [f77] . + + + + 6 . . . fed form@@@letter editor [form] . . . . . . L . . fget retrieve files from HIS 6000 . . . + . + + + + file determine file type + + . . . . . . . find find file with a given name . . . . + + + + + find find files . . . . . . . . + fmt ultra@@@simple text formatte\ r + . . . . . . . . for compile fortran program [fc] + + + + + 6 L . . form generate form letter . . + . . . . . . forml generate form letters . . . . . . L . . fsend send files to HIS 6000 . . . . . . L . . gcat send phototypesetter output to HIS 60\ 00 [apsend] . . . . . . . + + getuid get user identity . . . . . . L . . gex graphics exerciser for Tektronix 4014 . + + + + + . . . goto command transfer [sh] . . . . . . . . + gone.fishingautomatic reply to mail . . . . 6 . . . . graf draw graph on GSI terminal . . . . . . . + + grap pic preprocessor for drawing graphs . . . . . 6 + + + graph draw a graph . . . . . . L . . greek interpret extended character set . . . + + + + + + grep search a file for a pattern . . . . 6 6 . . . gsi interpret funny characters on GSI ter\ minal . . . . . . . + + hang start a process in stopped state . . . . . . . + + hoc interactive floating point language . . . . . . L . . huff Huffman code file compression [pack] + . . . . . . . . hup hang up typewrite . . + 6 6 . . . . hyphen find hyphenated words . . . . 6 . L . . ibm submit off@@@line job to HO \ IBM 370 Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . . + . icont Icon language translator and compiler . . . . . . . + + ideal troff preprocessor for drawing pictur\ es . . . . . . . + + idiff interactive file comparison . + + + + + . . . if conditional command [sh] . . . . . . L . . iget get files from Holmdel IBM 370 . . . . . . + + . iostat report I/O statistics [load] . . . . . . L . . isend send files to Holmdel IBM 370 . . . . . . + + + join relational database operator . . 8 + + + + + + kill terminate a process with extreme prej\ udice . . . . . . L . . labmake print address labels on GCOS [lab] . . . . . . . + + lab label maker . . . . . . . . + langs altran, basic, ... languages . . . . . . . + . last report recent logins [who] . . . . . . . . + latex tex macro packages and bibliographies . . . . . . . + + lcomp line@@@by@@@line pr\ ofiler + . . . . . . . . lbppt read binary paper tape [restor] + + + + + + + + + ld loader . . . . . . L . . lde logic design equation language . . . . . . + + + learn computer aided instruction about UNIX . . . . . . + + + lex generator of lexical analysis program\ s . . . . . . . + . lisp lisp interpreter and compiler [langs] . . . . . . + + + lint a C program verifier + + + + + + + + + ln make a link . . . . . . . . + load load and input@@@output stat\ istics . + + + + + + 8 8 login sign on . . . . . . + + + look find lines in a sorted list . . . . . . + . . lookall look through all text files on UNIX . . . . . . + . + lorder find ordering relation for an object \ library . . . . + . + + + lpr line printer spooler + + + + + + + + + ls list contents of directory . . . . . . + + + m4 macro processor . + + 6 6 6 . . . m6 macroprocessor [m4] . . . . . . . + + Mail send and receive mail + + + + + + + + + mail send or receive mail among users . . . . . . + + + make maintain program groups . + + + + + + + + man print sections of this manual . . . . . . . + . matlab interactive matrix desk calculator [l\ angs] . . . + . . . . . merge merge several files [sort] + + + + + + + + + mesg permit or deny messages . . . . . . . . + mk maintain (make) related files + + + + + + + + + mkdir make a directory . . . . . . . . + mkpkg make and install packages . . . . . . . . + monk typeset documents and letters . + + . . . . . . mt save/restore files on magtape [tar] + + + + + + + + + mv move or rename files and directories . . . . + + . . . neqn typeset mathematics on a terminal [eq\ n] . . . . . . . + + netnews send or receive news articles . . . . . . . + + newer test file modification dates . . . . . + + + + newgrp log in to a new group . . . . . . . + + news print news items . . . . . . L . . nfs communicate with Spider File System . . . . . . L 1 6 number convert Arabic numerals to English Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . + + + + + + nice run a command at low priority + + + + + + + + + nm print name list . . . . 6 . . . . npr print file on Spider line@@@\ printer . . . + + + . . . nohup run a command at low priority [nice] . + + + + + . . . nroff format text for printing [troff] + + + + + + + + + od octal dump . + + + + + L . . opr print file off@@@line . + + 6 . . . . . ov page overlay file print . . . . . . . + + p paginate . . . . . . . + + pack compress and expand files . . . . . . . + . paper list input on HP2621P printer . . . . . . . + + pascal language interpreter . . . . . . . + + pc pascal language compiler . . + + + + + + + passwd install new password or user . . . + + + . . . pfe print floating exception . . . . . . . + + pic troff preprocessor for drawing pictur\ es . . . . . . . + . pick pick arguments [apply] . . . . . . L . . place design physical layout of a circuit . . . . 6 . . . . plog make a graph on the gsi terminal . . . + 6 6 + + + plot graphics filter . . . . . . . + . post send mail to users by name . . . . . . . + + postnews submit netnews articles + + + + + + + + + pr print file . . . . . . . . + prefer maintain and use bibliographic refere\ nces . . . . . . + . . prep prepare text for statistical processi\ ng . . . . . 6 . . . primes print all primes larger than somewhat\ [factor] . . . . . . L . . prom read and write proms through the PROL\ OG promwriter . . + + . . . . . proof compare text files [diff] . . . . + + + + + prof display profile data . . 8 + + + + + + ps process status . 6 6 6 6 . + + + ptx permuted index . . . . . . + . . pubindex make inverted bibliographic index [re\ fer] . . . . . . . + + push datakit remote file copy . . . . + + + + + pwd working directory name . . . . . . . + . pxp pascal printer, profiler, and cross@\ @@reference lister . . . . . . . + + random sample lines from a file or provide r\ andom exit code . . . . . . . + . ranlib convert archives to random libraries \ [ar] . . . . . + . + . rc Ratfor compiler [langs] . . . . . . . + + readnews read news articles . . . . . . + + + refer find and insert literature references\ in documents . . . . . + + + + rev reverse lines of a file + + + + + . . . . rew rewind DECtape + . . . . . . . . rkd dump disk to tape + . . . . . . . . rkf format RK disk + . . . . . . . . rkl load disk from tape + + + + + + + + + rm remove (unlink) files + + + + + + . . . rmdir remove (delete) directory [rm] + + + + + + + . . roff format text . . . . . . . + + ropy remote file copy for arpa internet . . . . . . . . + rscan scan pages on ricoh scanner and displ\ ay on 5620 + . . . . . . . . sdate adjust date and time . . . . . . . + + sdb symbolic debugger Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . L . . sdiff side@@@by@@@side di\ fference program . . . . . . . . + seal mailable data file . . . . . . + + + sed stream editor . . . . . . . . + sendcover send cover sheet to the library . . . . . . . + + seq print sequences of numbers . . . . . . . + + server run anonymous command on another mach\ ine . . . . 6 . . . . sfs structured file scanner + + + + + + + + + sh command language . . + + + + . . . shift adjust shell arguments [sh] . . . . . . . + + ship automatic software distribution . . + + + + + + + size size of an object file . . . 6 6 6 L 7 7 sky obtain ephemerides . . . + + + + + + sleep suspend execution for an interval . . + + 6 6 L + . sno compile Snobol programs [langs] . . . . . . . + + snocone snobol with syntactic sugar 6 + + + + + + + + sort sort or merge files . . + + 6 6 L . . speak send words to voice synthesizer . . . . + + + + + spell find spelling errors . . . . . . . + . spitbol Snobol language compiler [langs] . . . 6 6 6 + . . spline interpolate smooth curve . . + + + + + + + split split a file into pieces + + + . . . . . . stat get file status + + + + + + + + + strip remove symbols and relocation bits . . . . . . + + . struct structure Fortran programs . + + + + + + + + stty set terminal options . . . . . . . . + submit install document in database + + + + + . + + + sum sum and count blocks in a file . . . . . . + + + tabs set terminal tabs . + . . . . . . . tacct connect@@@time accounting . . . . . . + + + tail deliver the last part of a file + + + . . . . . . tap manipulate DECtape . . . . . . . + + tape identify and manipulate magnetic tape . . . . . . + + + tar tape archiver . . . . . 6 + + + tbl format tables for nroff or troff . . . . . . + . . tc troff output interpreter . . . . . . L . . tekstare convert tektronix picture to hard cop\ y graphics [can] . . . . + + + + + tee pipe fitting . . . . . . . + . telnet user interface to the telnet protocol . . . . . . + + + test condition command . . . . . . . . + tex text formatting and typesetting . . + + + + + + + time time a command . . . . . . + + . tk paginator for the Tektronix 4014 . 6 + 6 6 6 L . . tmg compile tmgl program . . . . . . + + + touch update date last modified of a file . . . + + + + . . tp manipulate tape archive [tar] . . . . + + + + + tr translate characters . . . . . . . + + trace protocol compiler and analyzer . . . . . . . + . track selective remote file copy . . . + + + + + + troff text formatting and typesetting . . . . . . + + + true provide truth values . . . . . . . + . tset set terminal modes . + + + + . L . . tss communicate with MH@@@TSS (G\ COS) Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . + + + tsort topological sort + + + + + + + + + tty get terminal name + + + + . . . . . type print file on IBM 2741 . . + + + + L . . typo find typographic errors . . . . . . L . . ufs Spider Network Communication . . . . . . . + + ul print underlines on screen terminals + + + . . . . . . un fine undefined symbols . . + + + + + + + uniq report repeated lines in a file . . . . . 6 + 7 7 units conversion program . . . . . + . . . usort sort and merge files, discarding dupl\ icate lines [sort] . . . . . . + + + uucp unix to unix copy . . . . . . L . . uudiff directory comparison between machines . . . . . . . + + uustat uucp status inquiry and job control . . . . . . + + + uux unix to unix command execution . . . . . . L . . vc verification of tests for C programs \ [lcomp] . . . . . . + + + vi screen oriented (visual) display edit\ or based on ex . . . . . . . + + view2d movie of a function f(x,y,t) . . . . . . . + + vis show invisible characters . . . . . . . + . visi mathematical spreadsheet . . + . . . . . . vs generate voice synthesizer phonemes . . . + + + + . . wait await completion of process [sh] + + + + + + + + + wc word count . . . . . . L . . wcheck look for inconsistencies in a circuit\ description + + + + + + + + + who who is on the system . . . . . . L . . wrap generate control information for wiri\ ng a circuit board + + + + + + + + + write write to another user . . . . . . . + + wwb writers workbench . . . . . . . + + wwv print and set the date from accurate \ clock . . . . . . L . . xref cross reference for C programs . . . . . . + + . xsend secret mail . . 6 6 6 + + + + yacc yet another compiler@@@compi\ ler 2. System calls Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . + + + + + intro introduction to system calls and erro\ r numbers . . . . . . + + + access determine accessibility of file . . . . . . + + + acct turn accounting on or off . . . . . . + + + alarm schedule signal after specified time . . + . . . . + . boot reboot the system + + + + + + . . . break set program break [brk] . . . . . . + + + brk change core allocation + + + . . . . . . cemt catch EMT traps [signal] + + + + + + + + + chdir change default directory + + + + + + + + + chmod change mode of file + + + + + + + + + chown change owner and group of a file + + + + + + + + + close close a file + + + + + + + + + creat create a new file . . + + + + . . . csw read the console switches . . . . . . . . + deprecated system calls to be avoided . . + + + + + + + dup duplicate an open file descriptor Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + + + + + + + + + exec execute a file + + + + + + + + + exit terminate process . . . . . . . . + fmount mount or remove file system + + + + + + + + + fork spawn new process . . + . . . . . . fpe catch floating exception errors [sign\ al] + + + + + + . . . fstat status of open file [stat] . . . + + + . . . getgid get group identification [getuid] . . . . . + + . . getpid get process identification [getuid] + + + + + + + + + getuid get user and group identity . . . . . . . + . gmount mount or remove non@@@standa\ rd file system [fmount] + + + + + + . . . gtty get typewrite mode [ioctl] . + . . . . . . . hog set low@@@priority status [n\ ice] + + + . . . . . . ilgins catch illegal instruction trap [signa\ l] . . . + + + + . . indir indirect system call [syscall] + + + . . . . . . intr catch or inhib interrupts [signal] . . . . . . + + + ioctl control device . + + + + + + + + kill send signal to a process + + + + + + + + + link link to a file . . . . . . + . . lock lock a process in primary memory . . . . . . + + + lseek move read/write pointer + + + . . . . . + mkdir create directory . . . + + + + + + mknod make a directory or a special file + + + + + + + + . mount mount or remove file system [fmount] . . . . . . + . . mpx create and manipulate multiplexed fil\ es . . + + + + + + + nice set program priority + + + + + + + + + open open for reading or writing . . . + . . + + + pause stop until signal . . . . . . + . . phys allow a process to access physical ad\ dresses . . + + + + + + . pipe create an interprocess channel . . . . . . + . . pkon establish packet protocol . . . . + + + + + profil execution time profile . . . . . + + + . ptrace process trace [proc(4)] + + + . . . . . . quit catch or inhibit quits [signal] + + + + + + + + + read read from file + + + . . . . . . rele release processor + + + + + + . . . seek move read or write pointer [lseek] . . . . . . . + + select synchronous I/O multiplexing . . . + + + . . . setgid set process group ID [setuid] + + + + + + + + + setuid set user and group ID + + + . . . . . . smdate set date modified of file [utime] . . . + + + + + + signal catch or ignore signals . + + + + + . . . sleep delay execution [alarm] + + + + + + + + + stat get file status + + + + + + + + + stime set time + + + + + + . . . stty set mode of typewriter [ioctl] . + + + + + + + + sync update super@@@block . . . . . . . + + syscall indirect system call + + . . . . . . . tell find read or write pointer [seek] + + + + + + + + + time get date and time . . + + + + + + + times get process times . . . . . . + + + umask set file creation mode mask + + + + + + . . . umount dismount file system [mount] Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + + + + + + + + + unlink remove directory entry . . . . . . + + + utime set file times + + + + + + + + + wait wait for process to terminate + + + + + + + + + write write on a file 3. Subroutines Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . + + + intro introduction to library functions . . . . . + + + + abort generate IOT fault . . . . . + + . . abs integer absolute value, sign function\ [arith] . . . . . . . + + arith integer arithmetic functions . . . . + + . . . alloc core allocator [malloc] . . . . . . + + + assert program verification . + + + + + . . . atan arctangent [sin] + + + + + + + + + atof convert ASCII to numbers + + + . . + . . . atoi convert ASCII to integer [atof] . . . . . . . + + cbt compressed B@@@tree subrouti\ nes . . . . . . . + + chrtab simple character bitmaps . . + + . . . . . compar string compare for sort . + . . . . . . . const floating point constants . . . . . 7 L . . cr coroutine scheme . . + + + + + + + crypt DES encryption + + + + + + + + + ctime convert date and time to ASCII . . . . . . + + + ctype character classification . . . . . . . + + curses screen functions with @@@opt\ imal@@@ cursor motion . . . . . . . + . db database subroutines . . . . . . + + + dbm data base subroutines . . . . . . . + + dialout place call on ACU . . . . . . . + + directory directory operations . . . . . . . + + dkmgr establish datakit server . . + . . . . . . ddsput display characters on Picturephone . . + + + + + + + ecvt output conversion . . . . . + + + + end last locations in program . . . . . . L + + erf error function + + + + + + + + + exp exponential, logarithm, power, square\ root . . . . . . + + + fclose close or flush a stream . . . . . . + + + ferror stream status inquiries . . . . . . . . + fio fast buffered I/O . . . . + + + + + floor absolute value, floor, ceiling functi\ ons . . . . . + . . . fmod floating modulus function [floor] . . . . . . + + + fopen open a stream + + + + + + . . . fptrap floating@@@point simulator . . . . . . + + + fread buffered binary input/output . . . . . . + + + frexp split into mantissa and exponent . . . . . . + + + fseek reposition a stream + + + . . . . . . ftoa convert floating to ASCII [ecvt] . . + . . . . . . ftoo convert floating to octal . . . . . . . + + ftw file tree walk . . . . . . L + + galloc storage allocation with garbage colle\ ction . . . . + + L + + gamma log gamma function Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . + + + . . . . . gerts communicate with GCOS . . . . + + . + + getarg get command arguments from Fortran + + + + + + + + + getc get character or word from stream . . . + + + . . . getchar read character [getc] . . . . . . + + + getenv value for environment name . . . . . . . . + getfields break a string into fields . . . . . . . + + getfsent get file system descriptor file entry . . . . . . + + + getgrent get group file entry . . . . . . + + + getlogin get login name . . . . . . . + + getopt get option letter from argv . . . . . . + + + getpass read a password . . . + + + + . . getpw get name from UID . . . . . . + + + getpwent get password file entry . . . . . . + + + gets get a string from a stream . . . . . . . + + getwd get current directory . . . + + + . . . hmul high@@@order product . + + + + . + + + hypot euclidean distance . . . + + + . . . ierror catch Fortran errors . . . . . . . . + internet internet networking functions . . . . . . . . + ipc set up communications between unrelat\ ed processes . . . . . . + . . iread insistent read + + + . . . . . . itoa convert integer to ASCII . . . . . . + + + j0 bessel functions . . . . . . + + + l3tol convert between 3@@@byte int\ egers and long integers . . . + + + . . . ldiv long division 7 . . . . . . . . liba standard assembly@@@language\ library 7 . . . . . . . . libb standard B library 7 . . . . . . . . libf standard Fortran library . . . . . . + . . libr remote file access . . . . + + . . . locv long output conversion [printf] + + + + + + . . . log logarithm base e [exp] . . . . . . + + + malloc main memory allocator . . . . . . L + + map map projections . . . . . . . + + memory memory operations + + + + . . . . . mesg print string on typewriter [printf] . . . . . . + + + mktemp make a unique file name . . . . + + + + + monitor prepare execution profile . . . . . . + + + mp multiple precision integer arithmetic . . . + + + . . . nargs argument count . + + + + + + + + nlist get entries from name list . . . + + + + + + perror system error messages . . . . . . + . . pkopen packet driver simulator . . . . . . + + + plot graphics interface . . . . . . + + + popen initiate I/O to/from a process . . . . . . . + + port mathematical library for Fortran . . + + + + . . . pow take powers of numbers [exp] . . . . . . . . + print print formatted output . . . + + + + + . printf output formatters + + + . . . . . . ptime print time . . . . . . . + + ptopen find and open a pseudo@@@ter\ minal file + + + + + + + + + putc put character or word on a stream . . . + + + . . . putchar write character [putc] Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . + + + puts put a string on a stream . + + + + + + + + qsort quicker sort . . + + + + + + + rand random number generator . . . . . . . + . regex regular expression handler [regexp] . . . . . . . + + regexp regular expression handler . . . + + + . . . reset execute non@@@local goto [se\ tjmp] . + + . . 7 L . . salloc string allocation and manipulation . . . . . . + + + scanf formatted input conversion . . . . . . + + + setbuf assign buffering to a stream . . . + + + . . . setfil specify Fortran file name . . . . . . + + + setjmp non@@@local goto + + + + + + + + + sin trigonometric functions . . . . . . + + + sinh hyperbolic functions . . . . . . + + + sleep suspend execution for interval . + + + + + . . . sqrt square root [exp] . . . . . . + + + stdio standard buffered input/output packag\ e . . . . . . + + + string string operations . . . . . . + + + swab swap bytes + + + + . . . . . switch transfer depending on value . . . . . . + + + system issue a shell command . . . . . . . . + tcp tcp networking functions . . . . . . . + + tdkdial open a datakit connection to a remote\ server . . . . . . . + + termcap terminal independent operation routin\ es . . . . . . . + + tolower force upper or lower case . . + + + + + + + ttyname find name of a terminal . . . . . . . . + udp udp networking functions . . . . . . . . + uname get password file entry . . . . . . + + + ungetc push character back into input stream . . . . . . . + + varargs variable argument list . . . . . . . + + view2d movie of a function f(x,y,t) . . . + + . . . . vt display (vt01) interface 4. Special files Terminology changed often in this section. In v3 mnemonic names were replaced by pallid hardware part designations, For example tty became kl and ppt became pc. Lately the trend has reversed, with the appearance of drum and cons. Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . . + + bufld buffering line discipline . . . . . . . . + connld connection line discipline . . . . . . . + + cons console interface . . . + + + + . . cat phototypesetter interface . . . + . . . . . da voice response unit . . . + + + . . . dc remote typewriter . . . . + + . . . dh DH@@@11 communications multi\ plexor . . . . . . L + + dk Datakit interface . + + + + + + . . dn DN@@@11 ACU interface . . . . . . . + + drum paging device . + + + + + . . . dp 201 dataphone Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . + . . du DU@@@11 201 data@@@\ phone interface . . . . . . . + + fd file descriptor file . . . . . + + . . hp RH@@@11/RP04, RP05, RP06 mov\ ing@@@head disk . . . . . + + . . hs RH11/RS03@@@RS04 fixed@@\ @head disk file . . . . . + + . . ht RH@@@11/TU@@@16 mag\ tape interface . . + + + + . . . kl console typewriter [cons] . + . . + + . . . lpr line printer . . . . . . . + + mesgld message line discipline + + + + + + + + . mem core memory . . . . . . . + + mt magtape interface . . . . . + + + + null data sink [under mem in v5] . . + + + + . . . pc punched paper tape . . . . . . + . . pk packet driver + + . . . . . . . ppt punched paper tape [pc] . . . . . . . + + proc process file system . . . . . . . + + pt interprocess I/O junctor files . . . . . . . + + ra DEC MSCP disks (RA60, RA80, RA81) + + + + + + + . . rf RF11/RS11 fixed@@@head disk \ file + + + + + + + + . rk RK@@@11/RK03 or RK05 disk . + + + + + + . . rp RP@@@11/RP03 moving@@@\ head disk . . . . . . . + + stream stream I/O control calls + + + . . . . . . tap DECtape file . . . + + + + . . tc TC@@@11/TU56 DECtape . . . + + . L . . tiu Spider interface . + + + + + + . . tm TM@@@11/TU@@@10 mag\ tape interface [mt] + + . . . . . . . tty console typewriter [kl] . . . . + + + . + tty general terminal interface [ttyld] + + . . . . . . . tty0... remote typewrite [dc] . . . . . . . + + ttyld terminal processing . . . . . . + . . vp Versatec printer@@@plotter . . . + + . L . . vs voice synthesizer interface . . + + + . . . . vt storage@@@tube display 5. File formats and conventions In v1@@@v5, section 5 was restricted to @@@@@\ @File formats@@@@@@ Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + + + + + + + + + a.out assembler and link editor output . . . . . . + + + acct execution accounting file + + + + + + + + + ar archive (library) file format . . . . . . . . + backup incremental backup file + . . . . . . . . bppt binary paper tape format + + + + + + + + + core format of core image file . . . . . . L . + cpio format of cpio archive + + + + + + + + + dir format of directories . . . . + + + . . dump incremental dump format . . . . . . + + + environ user environment . . . . . . + . . file.g drawing editor file format + + + + + + + + + filsys format of file system volume . . . . . . . + + fstab static information about the file sys\ tem Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . + + + + group group file . + . . . . . . . ident GCOD ident cards . . . . . . + + + map digitized map formats . . . . . . + . . mpxio multiplexed i/o . . . . + + + + + mtab mounted file system table . . . . . . . + . news USENET network news article, utility \ files . . . . . . . + . newsrc information file for readnews + + + + + + + + + passwd password file . . . . . 7 + + + plot graphics interface . . . . . . . . + polyhedra database format . . . . + . . . . speak.m voice synthesizer vocabulary . . . . . . . + + stab symbol table types . . . . . . L . . tar format of tar archive . . . . . . . + + termcap terminal capability database . + + + + + + . . tp DEC/mag tape formats . . . . + + + + + ttys terminal initialization data . . . . . . . + + types primitive system types + + . . . . . . . uids map names to user ID@@@s [pa\ sswd] + + + + + + + + + utmp login records . . . . . . . + + view2d movie of a function f(x,y,t) . . . . . . . + + whoami computer name . + + + + + . . . wtmp accounting files [utmp] 6. Games In v1 through v6 chapter 6 was called @@@@@@\ User maintained maintained programs.@@@@@@ Only the games fro\ m those editions are listed here; other pages from those chapters 6 are listed with chapter 1 or chapter 7. Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . L + + adventure dungeon@@@exploration game . . . . . . + + + arithmetic provide drill in number facts . . . . . . . + + atc air traffic controller . . . . . . + + + backgammon the game . . . . . . + + + banner make long posters 1 . . . . . + + + bcd convert to antique media + + + + + + + . . bj the game of black jack . . . . . . . + + boggle word games . . . . . . . + + bridge card game . . . . . . . + + card card games . . . . . . + . . checkers game + . . + + + + . . chess the game of chess . . . . . . + + . ching the book of changes and other cookies . . . + + + . . . cubic three dimensional tic@@@tac@\ @@toe . . . . . . . + + doctor psychiatric consultation . . . . . . . . + festoon memo writer . . . . . . . + . fortune cookies . . . + + . + . . maze generate a maze problem + + . + + + + . . moo guessing game . . . . . . L . . morse convert letters to morse code Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . L . . psych pattern generators . . . . . + + + + quiz test your knowledge . . . . . . + . . reversi a game of dramatic reversals . . . . . . . + + snake display chase game . . . . . . L + + trek war games . . . . . . . + + worms silly demos + + . + + 6 + . . ttt tic@@@tac@@@toe . . . . . . + . . words word games [boggle] . . . . + + + . . wump the game of hunt@@@the@@\ @wumpus 7. Data bases and language conventions Chapter 7 has had many names: v1@@@v5 Miscellaneous v6 User maintained subroutines v7 Macro packages and language conventions v8@@@v9 Databases and language conventions Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . . + + apnews present ap wire stories + + + + + 5 + + + ascii map of ASCII character set . . . . . . . + . candest canon laser printers [can(1)] . . . . . . L . . cdl circuit description language . . . . . . . + + dict look up words in English dictionaries . . . . . . + + + eqnchar special character definitions for eqn . . . . . . . + + font typesetter fonts . . + + + 5 + . . greek graphics for extended HdY@@@\ 37 type@@@box . . . . . . + . . hier file system hierarchy + + . . . . . . . kbd map of HdY 37 keyboard . . . . . . . + + library bell labs library service + + . . . . . . . login logging on and logging off the system . . . . . . . + + mail address conventions and rewrite rules . . . . . . + + + man macros to typeset manual . . . . . . L + + map draw maps on various projections . . . . . . . . + mbits macros for typesetting bitmaps . . . . . . . + + mcs macros for formatting cover sheets . . . . . + + + + ms macros for formatting manuscripts . . . . . . . . + papers browse database of locally authored p\ apers . . . . . . . . + netnews recent articles, utility files . . . . . . . . + poly database of polyhedra + . . . . . . . . suftab roff@@@s suffix table + + + + + 5 . . . tabs set tab stops on typewrite [tabs(1)] . . . . . . . + + tel local and private telephone books . . . . . . . + . telno retrieve from bell labs phone book [t\ el] . . . . . . + + . term conventional names . . . + + . . . . tmheader TM cover sheet . . . . . . . + + town gazetteer of US places . . . . . . . + + troff addenda to troff manual . . + + + . L . . vsp voice synthesizer phonemes . . . . . . . + + weather conditions and forecast by town Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8. Maintenance commands and procedures Pages from chapter 1 of v1, v2, and v7 that appeared in chapter 8 of other editions are included here. In v1 and v2 there was no chapter 8 and in v7 many system maintenance commands were placed in chapter 1, with the identification @@@@@@1M@@@@@@. Chapter 8 is the most turbulent part of the manual: mainte@@\ @ nance procedures, being known only to a few, and often being embedded in just one or two shell scripts may be more lightly changed than mainstream facilities. Moreover, much of chapter 8 is concerned with hidden procedures that are usually invoked automatically. It has alway been problematic just how much to say about such changeable things that so few people need to know about. Maintenance programs may remain @@@@@@u\ nofficial@@@@@@ for years. For example, one or another version of findo, for scouring trash out of full file systems, had existed since the earliest days, yet it was not documented until v8. Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . . + + 11 pdp11 support . . + + + . . . . 20boot rebooot 11/20 system . . . . . + 1 + + ac login accounting . . . . . . . . + arff read RT11 files + . . . . . . . . as2 assembler@@@s pass 2 . . . . . . . + + asd automatic software distribution + . . . . . . . . ba B assembler . . . . . . . . + backup backup administration + . . . . . . . . bc B compiler + . . . . . . . . bilib B interpreter + + + + + + + . . boot startup procedures [reboot] + . . . . . . . . brt1,brt2 B start and finish . 6 . . . . . . . chash prepare symbol table lem 1 1 + + + . . . . check check consistency of file system [ich\ eck] . . . . . + . . . chgrp change group [chown] . . 1 + + + 1 + + clri clear i@@@node . . . . . . . . + config configure a Unix kernel . . . . . . . + + cpp C language preprocessor . . . . . + + . . crash what to do when the system crashes . . . . . + + + + cron clock daemon . . + . . + 1 . . dcheck file system directory consistency che\ ck [icheck] . . . . . . . + + dmesg system diagnostic messages . 1 7 7 + + L . . dpd dataphone daemons . . . . + + 1 . . dump incremental file system dump + . . . . . . . . f1,f2,f3,f4Fortran compiler passes . . . . . . L . . fget.demon fget daemons . . . . . . . + + finddev find process using a device Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . . + + findo find objectionable files . . . . . . . + + fsck file system consistency check and int\ eractive repair . + + 7 + + + + + getty set typewriter mode + + + 7 + + . . . glob argument expander . . . . . + 1 + + icheck file system storage consistency check . + + + + + + + + init process control initialization . . . + . . . . . ino get the i@@@number of a file . 1 + . . . . . . istat file status by i@@@number . . . . . . . . + ldpcs load correct microcode . . . . + + L + + lpd line printer daemon . . . . . . + + + makekey generate encryption key . . . . . . . . + mgrproc service remote computing requests . . . . . . + . . mkconf generate configuration tables [config\ ] 1 . . + + + 1 + + mkfs construct a file system . . . + + + 1 + + mknod build special file 1 1 + + + + 1 + + mount mount and dismount file system + + + + + . . . . msh mini Shell . . . . . + 1 . . ncheck generate names from i@@@numb\ ers [icheck] . . . . . . . + + netfs network file system . . . . . . . + + netstat show network status for ARPA internet . . . . . . . + + oops process status . . . . . . 1 + + pstat print system facts . . . . . . 1 + + quot summarize file system ownership . . . . . . . + + rarepl replace bad blocks on MSCP drive . . . . . . . + + rc boot script . . . . . . . + + reboot bootstrapping procedures . . 1 + + . . . . reloc relocate object files . . . . . . . + + renice alter priority of running process by \ changing nice . . . . + + 1 . . restor incremental file system restore . . . . . . . + . rmdir unlink directory . . . . + + 1 + + sa system accounting . 1 + . . . . . . salv repair damaged file system . . . . . . . + + savecore save a core dump of the operating sys\ tem . . . . . . . + + showq state of stream I/O system . . . . . . . . + smash rewrite bad disk sectors 1 1 + + + + 1 + + su substitute user id temporarily . . . . . . . + + swapon specify paging/swapping device . . . + + + + + + sync update the super block . . + . . . . . . swtmp truncate accounting file 1 1 + . . . . . . tm get time information 1 1 + + + + . . . umount dismount removable file system [mount\ ] . . . . . . . + + upas address driven mailer . . . + + + + + + update periodically update the super block . . . . . . . + + uucheck check uucp directories and permission\ s file . . . . . . . + + uucico file transport program for the uucp s\ ystem . . . . . . L + + uuclean uucp spool directory cleanup . . . . . . . + . uusched uucp file transport scheduler [uucico\ ] . . . . . . . + + uuxqt create remote command requests . . . . . . . + + vmstat report virtual memory statistics . . . . . + 1 + + wall write to all users . . . . . . . + . xstr preprocessor for sharing strings in C\ programs 9. Teletype 5620@@@related software Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . . . . . + + intro introduction to jerq@@@relat\ ed software 9.1 Commands . . . . . . . + + 32ld bootstrap loader for the 5620 . . . . . . . + + 3cc MAC@@@32 compiler for the 56\ 20 . . . . . . . + + blitblt make hard copy image . . . . . . . . + brush painting program . . . . . . . + + cip picture drawing program . . . . . . . + + face show faces on a jerq . . . . . . . . + flicks movie graphics for 5620 . . . . . . . . + getfont replace terminal@@@s default\ font . . . . . . . + + icon icon editor . . . . . . . + + jf font editor . . . . . . . + . jim text editor [sam] . . . . . . . + + jx jerq execution and stdio interpreter . . . . . . . + + graphdraw edit (combinatoric) graph . . . . . . . + + lens bitmap magnifier . . . . . . . . + menudrop leave a menu lying around . . . . . . . + + mugs convert gray@@@scale images \ into icons . . . . . . . + + mux layer multiplexor for the jerq . . . . . . . + + paint draw pictures in a layer . . . . . . . + + ped picture editor . . . . . . . + + pi process inspector . . . . . . . + + pico graphics editor . . . . . . . + + proof troff output interpreter for jerq . . . . . . . . + pvmon gray@@@scale picture preview\ window for 5620 . . . . . . . . + reader examine typeset documents . . . . . . . + + rebecca graphics touch@@@up editor . . . . . . . + + ruler measure things on the screen . . . . . . . + . sysmon display system statistics [vismon] . . . . . . . . + sam screen editor with structural regular\ expressions . . . . . . . + + term nonstandard mux terminals . . . . . . . + + thinkblt print on ThinkJet . . . . . . . . + vismon system statistics and mail notificati\ on . . . . . . . + + windows create and initialize windows 9.2 System calls . . . . . . . + + button mouse control . . . . . . . + + newlayer layer control and graphics . . . . . . . + + newproc jerq process control . . . . . . . + + request jerq I/O requests 9.3 Subroutines . . . . . . . + + add arithmetic on points and rectangles . . . . . . . + + alloc allocate memory . . . . . . . + + bitblt basic jerq graphics functions . . . . . . . + + circle circle drawing functions for jerq . . . . . . . + + cos integer math functions . . . . . . . + + menuhit present user with menu and get select\ ion . . . . . . . + + string jerq text and font operations . . . . . . . . + thinkclientThinkJet routines 9.4 Devices . . . . . . . + + jioctl jerq ioctl requests . . . . . . . + + mouse jerq mouse interface Edition Title Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9.5 File formats and conventions . . . . . . . + + bitfile format of bitmap file . . . . . . . + + faced network face server . . . . . . . + + font jerq font layouts . . . . . . . . + movies graphics movie file formats . . . . . . . + + pads user interface package . . . . . . . + + types basic jerq graphics data types 9.6 Games . . . . . . . + + crabs graphical marine adventure game . . . . . . . + + demo graphic demonstration and games . . . . . . . . + gebaca get back at corporate america . . . . . . . + + pen doodle anywhere on the screen . . . . . . . . + pengo squash the sno@@@bees . . . . . . . + + twid dabble in oils 9.7 Data bases . . . . . . . + + blitmap map plots and path finding on a jerq --=_5e3c23a9.rx2ZH2L3W7j72ScXgBymM9SZLQlfzQFlGLssh58xgZ/ZP3zK--