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[68.12.97.90]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id l22-20020a9d7a96000000b00684a10970adsm478269otn.16.2023.03.16.18.03.32 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Thu, 16 Mar 2023 18:03:32 -0700 (PDT) Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 20:03:31 -0500 From: "G. Branden Robinson" To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society Message-ID: <20230317010331.46ilrztc4jri47v5@illithid> References: <984bc9a1-70ea-4032-be21-b99f8d40e897@app.fastmail.com> <20230315212201.GY27975@mcvoy.com> <25b24f92-49a6-626f-18c4-08c2d8ba7876@makerlisp.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha256; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="zkn6262r7ngslt4z" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: Message-ID-Hash: WK6WPTTWKAVMF7XDG3BAMQYFCKQT5JGH X-Message-ID-Hash: WK6WPTTWKAVMF7XDG3BAMQYFCKQT5JGH X-MailFrom: g.branden.robinson@gmail.com X-Mailman-Rule-Misses: dmarc-mitigation; no-senders; approved; emergency; loop; banned-address; member-moderation; nonmember-moderation; administrivia; implicit-dest; max-recipients; max-size; news-moderation; no-subject; digests; suspicious-header X-Mailman-Version: 3.3.6b1 Precedence: list Subject: [TUHS] copyright (was: Re: UNIX System V Release 2.2 gdts Vax-780) List-Id: The Unix Heritage Society mailing list Archived-At: List-Archive: List-Help: List-Owner: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: --zkn6262r7ngslt4z Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable [replying to list only; and yeah, I've probably developed a COFF here] At 2023-03-16T20:33:27-0400, Rich Salz wrote: > > Call me na=EFve, but how would a foreign law be enforced in Australia? >=20 > I didn't know the site and people in charge of it were in Australia. > Ignorant just assuming it all revolves around us. But I suppose some > global firm could still cause trouble, especially since Australia is a > party to the Berne convention. The Berne Convention on Copyright from 1886(!) is very far from the last word on these sorts of questions. As I understand it, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) superseded the Berne Convention in multiple respects and was in force =66rom after World War II until 1995. In 1995, it was superseded by the Uruguay Round Agreements. Also in 1995, the TRIPS agreement came into force, and the Doha Declaration later modified some of the provisions of TRIPS. The headline item was a gesture in the direction of suspension of patent enforcement for life-saving medications. This is back when the cost of anti-retroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS was a bad look for pharmaceutical companies that wanted to charge more than the average sub-Saharan African country's GDP for medicine in sufficient quantity to address the needs of their populations. These trade agreements are like bills in the U.S. Congress; they are not topically controlled, and all kinds of riders and codicils gets stuck into them all the time. A popular theme of these was an upward ratched on copyright durations. In the name of "harmonization", the length of copyright monopolies was always extended to the longest of any member country. The copyright cartels would then go back to their home country legislatures (this was often the U.S.), get a copyright term extension act passed, then impose that on the rest of the world via trade agreements. I recommend Jessica Litman's book _Digital Copyright_ for background on this stuff. It is available for free download.[2] It could also badly use a second edition. My personal opinion is that if a copyright holder wants to "get you", they can, in most countries of the world. As ever, an important question is whether it costs more to "get you" than they can extract =66rom you even if they give you a complete thrashing in court. My surmise is that copyright holders figured this out at some point prior to 1897, which is when the first _criminal_ copyright statute was passed in the United States.[3] Apparently the perceived problem back then was the unlicensed performance (presumably of plays, songs, and other musical forms). The advent of audio and visual recording, and of the mimeograph machine at about the same time, seems to have shifted the concerns of copyright holders significantly (especially for music licensing). Whether these technologies directly precipitated the extension of copyright terms in 1909 (to 28 years, renewable for a total of 56 years), I'd be curious to learn. Regards, Branden [1] https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel2_e.htm [2] https://repository.law.umich.edu/books/1/ [3] Prior to this, copyright enforcement in the U.S. was wholly a matter for the civil courts. Where, in my opinion, it should have remained. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_copyright_law_in_the_United_Stat= es --zkn6262r7ngslt4z Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="signature.asc" -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQIzBAABCAAdFiEEh3PWHWjjDgcrENwa0Z6cfXEmbc4FAmQTvFsACgkQ0Z6cfXEm bc5DKQ/+L6GahHdt0up8rxE361OChZgfSg2qjW331QThpwZwbzU8yZVbaSCCKlhr 7yvuw2/txSoTWFUgUcHYdFZoltrDnFnu5/v+jDtVAWnUQOnrjr5VOI3g4wvq8n+/ izfVXby/kArJrBFDDoW52zamlylhg4F+DFeUGiJiX3gjI460yRJ8xdCNdQzLfGkY t285Ts0erwt9GknbCQuxL/GPEuGdcWJbFcAGPz+FWSgS5S6qr6XhqiuUY5EIWCt8 +xFVjXRbwgP6xPm+uXkNlmykQ5jNa20UoOYWG3he21hH8SJWdHlr1ZWm3ZfyCsI1 SyGPmXuSLhmv4zPSmkhwijaKsfm1pGN6iQsCHv4J5tdaKBkEkxQdaPIzMbAx0BZs sa89/Qj0lZBgkG9OKackiu1jysvTMbQ/hT9UO0XyX9ezbBLcyd01cLnaERL4jw23 CDzjpaVNsLsKG/x/eCFrPMx+lfqiBwN+DS7PBp9IXCgc9ptyrTXWONaSnkLVRswX IYT4Rnjh+gLkNK0/Us2Zd4tt3u+FaHaiUY07/HcNO8CrCrrOcQ+qFQXcBqIu7A5X SHacBrsKVs7ATXZE7F710LlerulDk5S7qvvR1LsU01ur8xM48y4byPaSlrGil/il igo/837uiRziHt4kuVsGf4ZY16FdJn2OBK7phY4qR2aBp6u8olU= =sJCJ -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --zkn6262r7ngslt4z--