From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on inbox.vuxu.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.1 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID, DKIM_VALID_AU,MAILING_LIST_MULTI,T_SCC_BODY_TEXT_LINE autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.4 Received: (qmail 30119 invoked from network); 14 Jul 2023 08:47:31 -0000 Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (2600:3c01:e000:146::1) by inbox.vuxu.org with ESMTPUTF8; 14 Jul 2023 08:47:31 -0000 Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3FF7642AA0; Fri, 14 Jul 2023 18:47:25 +1000 (AEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=tuhs.org; s=dkim; t=1689324445; h=from:from:reply-to:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date: message-id:message-id:to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding:list-id:list-help: list-owner:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe:list-post; bh=Xk/i9mhRksiLTBx2r2GlgvPFDb+SzewUUSEbrRqnic4=; b=bqv0NhyN1CZbQH9yH3LiQsbs+PBwtjVPmLmLbOX0NmckFFhzqn3njey4/I8nBUhxaEmcH5 jqR+rG1ogD9/DIRoHjL8cF24/ZmSVXFahhlR2XIBdv8Xkvtxfy8KSz/PHDUZMSXrIFWmeV kzXJFN+1A9r+8RywkN4FMs/eojNX5fU= Received: from ewsoutbound.kpnmail.nl (unknown [195.121.94.167]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 69FA742A9D for ; Fri, 14 Jul 2023 18:47:04 +1000 (AEST) X-KPN-MessageId: f8fd7002-2222-11ee-889f-005056abbe64 Received: from smtp.kpnmail.nl (unknown [10.31.155.40]) by ewsoutbound.so.kpn.org (Halon) with ESMTPS id f8fd7002-2222-11ee-889f-005056abbe64; Fri, 14 Jul 2023 10:46:49 +0200 (CEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=planet.nl; s=planet01; h=to:date:message-id:subject:mime-version:content-type:from; bh=Xk/i9mhRksiLTBx2r2GlgvPFDb+SzewUUSEbrRqnic4=; b=dm+Mt3jg0TtrfhAARwBk8tBGpw7H1nh041p7SZBBpJaJbN3b5DtGZDqGYIYkyUNKxzRS2sgYtPqEC vi/rWWHVbnxkNa6qspyvyhqIBqLWm7OdPIFgsnX1CJCe/yS54QZWmaqBB798JIHJ3ZCyUeapIjgUQz cnw8aLs4N1DOM7Bk= X-KPN-MID: 33|vUdJa7PVYfantJU9Z8LYooSwMms/f3JKPTKUv9RIkMzt17asRzkh/fem4UU349s tbzh45TpPaLFarWE4o+w91VEOEIm+ukdLFZF6pNdkzYE= X-KPN-VerifiedSender: Yes X-CMASSUN: 33|k30IjRKgm5DibiU2/prJ5Zqmp9Ef5Epnm681ckqq576o/ObUBYzbhZ/Rexdro61 KrppHXgrleT5Td0VfhKicWg== X-Originating-IP: 77.172.38.96 Received: from smtpclient.apple (77-172-38-96.fixed.kpn.net [77.172.38.96]) by smtp.kpnmail.nl (Halon) with ESMTPSA id fa3dfe41-2222-11ee-93a6-005056ab7584; Fri, 14 Jul 2023 10:46:52 +0200 (CEST) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 14.0 \(3654.120.0.1.13\)) Message-Id: <8D381C20-4C6F-47E5-AD54-04D9D639AB25@planet.nl> Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2023 10:46:51 +0200 To: "tuhs@tuhs.org" X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3654.120.0.1.13) Message-ID-Hash: FXQTQC74TDVIOKBKR4A2GO6OQSYEYP76 X-Message-ID-Hash: FXQTQC74TDVIOKBKR4A2GO6OQSYEYP76 X-MailFrom: pnr@planet.nl X-Mailman-Rule-Misses: dmarc-mitigation; no-senders; approved; emergency; loop; banned-address; member-moderation; nonmember-moderation; administrivia; implicit-dest; max-recipients; max-size; news-moderation; no-subject; digests; suspicious-header CC: segaloco X-Mailman-Version: 3.3.6b1 Precedence: list Subject: [TUHS] Re: Bell COBOL Environment? List-Id: The Unix Heritage Society mailing list Archived-At: List-Archive: List-Help: List-Owner: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: From: Paul Ruizendaal via TUHS Reply-To: Paul Ruizendaal X-Spam: Yes > Reading through [1], there are documents offered by AT&T for the = "Level II COBOL" system, which some further research indicates is a = product from Convergent (same folks as the UNIX PC.) There's also the = LPI-COBOL which appears to be a Language Processor Inc. product. Ryan-McFarland comes to mind: in my recollection they were the leading = Cobol on small machines in the early 80=E2=80=99s. Ryan-McFarland=E2=80=99= s predecessor company Digitek was contracted to do the PL/I compiler for = Multics, but failed. It seems they later did Bell Labs PL/I (says = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitek). I think they did a Unix version = of their Cobol in the mid/late 80=E2=80=99s as well. A few years ago I tried to find out more about RM-Cobol as it existed in = the late 70=E2=80=99s and early 80=E2=80=99s, but with little success. = As a product it survived till the present day under the ownership of = Micro-Focus and most web mentions are for more recent versions. It would seem to me that compilers on machines with small memories and = word sizes in the 60=E2=80=99s, 70=E2=80=99s and even 80=E2=80=99s = tended to compile to a virtual machine / intermediate code -- sometimes = with the option to compile to native from there. Think BCPL and o-code, = Pascal and p-code, the Amsterdam Compiler Kit and m-code, the Microsoft = =E2=80=9Crevenue bomb=E2=80=9D p-code C compiler, etc. According to the = above Wikipedia article RM-Cobol used the same approach. I did once see = the source for another 80=E2=80=99s Cobol compiler and it compiled to a = virtual machine with 60-bit words. By the way, I loved the recent posts on B and NB. THUS at its best!