* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
@ 2021-02-13 4:34 Jason Stevens
2021-02-13 6:05 ` Toby Thain
0 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Jason Stevens @ 2021-02-13 4:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: 'Gregg Levine', Jason Stevens, The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
Apparently they are getting 68040 levels of performance with a Pi... and
that interpreted. Going with JIT it's way higher.
-----Original Message-----
From: Gregg Levine [SMTP:gregg.drwho8@gmail.com]
Sent: Saturday, February 13, 2021 10:30 AM
To: Jason Stevens; The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
Subject: Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
An amazing idea.
-----
Gregg C Levine gregg.drwho8@gmail.com
"This signature fought the Time Wars, time and again."
On Fri, Feb 12, 2021 at 7:51 PM Jason Stevens
<jsteve@superglobalmegacorp.com> wrote:
>
> You might find this interesting
>
> https://twitter.com/i/status/1320767372853190659
> <https://twitter.com/i/status/1320767372853190659>
>
> It's a pi (arm) running Musashi a 68000 core, but using voltage
buffers it's
> plugged into the 68000 socket of an Amiga!
>
> You can find more info on their github:
>
> https://github.com/captain-amygdala/pistorm
> <https://github.com/captain-amygdala/pistorm>
>
> Maybe we are at the point where numerous cheap CPU's can eliminate
FPGA's?
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Michael Parson [SMTP:mparson@bl.org]
> Sent: Friday, February 05, 2021 10:43 PM
> To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
> Subject: Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
>
> On 2021-02-04 16:47, Henry Bent wrote:
> > On Thu, Feb 4, 2021, 17:40 Adam Thornton
<athornton@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >
> >> I'm probably Stockholm Syndrommed about 6502. It's
what I grew
> up on,
> >> and
> >> I still like it a great deal. Admittedly
register-starved (well,
>
> >> unless
> >> you consider the zero page a whole page of registers),
> but...simple,
> >> easy
> >> to fit in your head, kinda wonderful.
> >>
> >> I'd love a 64-bit 6502-alike (but I'd probably give it
more than
> three
> >> registers). I mean given how little silicon (or how
few FPGA
> gates) a
> >> reasonable version of that would take, might as well
include
> 65C02 and
> >> 65816 cores in there too with some sort of
mode-switching
> instruction.
> >> Wouldn't a 6502ish with 64-bit wordsize and a 64-bit
address bus
> be
> >> fun?
> >> Throw in an onboard MMU and FPU too, I suppose, and
then you
> could
> >> have a
> >> real system on it.
> >>
> >>
> > Sounds like a perfect project for an FPGA. If there's
already a
> 6502
> > implementation out there, converting to 64 bit should be
fairly
> easy.
>
> There are FPGA implementations of the 6502 out there. If
you've not
> seen
> it, check out the MiSTer[0] project, FPGA implementations
of a LOT
> of
> computers, going back as far as the EDSAC, PDP-1, a LOT of
8, 16,
> and 32
> bit systems from the 70s and 80s along with gaming
consoles from the
> 70s
> and 80s.
>
> Keeping this semi-TUHS related, one guy[1] has even
implemented a
> Sparc 32m[2] (I think maybe an SS10), which boots SunOS 4,
5, Linux,
> NetBSD, and even the Sparc version of NeXTSTEP, but it's
not part of
> the
> "official" MiSTer bits (yet?).
>
> --
> Michael Parson
> Pflugerville, TX
> KF5LGQ
>
> [0] https://github.com/MiSTer-devel/Main_MiSTer/wiki
> [1] https://temlib.org/site/
> [2] https://temlib.org/pub/mister/SS/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-13 4:34 [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode Jason Stevens
@ 2021-02-13 6:05 ` Toby Thain
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Toby Thain @ 2021-02-13 6:05 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jason Stevens, 'Gregg Levine', The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
On 2021-02-12 11:34 p.m., Jason Stevens wrote:
> Apparently they are getting 68040 levels of performance with a Pi... and
> that interpreted. Going with JIT it's way higher.
Before we get too breathless, this is roughly what was achieved with a
PowerPC 601 emulating 68K ...approximately 28 years ago.
--T
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Gregg Levine [SMTP:gregg.drwho8@gmail.com]
> Sent: Saturday, February 13, 2021 10:30 AM
> To: Jason Stevens; The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
> Subject: Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
>
> An amazing idea.
> -----
> Gregg C Levine gregg.drwho8@gmail.com
> "This signature fought the Time Wars, time and again."
>
> On Fri, Feb 12, 2021 at 7:51 PM Jason Stevens
> <jsteve@superglobalmegacorp.com> wrote:
> >
> > You might find this interesting
> >
> > https://twitter.com/i/status/1320767372853190659
> > <https://twitter.com/i/status/1320767372853190659>
> >
> > It's a pi (arm) running Musashi a 68000 core, but using voltage
> buffers it's
> > plugged into the 68000 socket of an Amiga!
> >
> > You can find more info on their github:
> >
> > https://github.com/captain-amygdala/pistorm
> > <https://github.com/captain-amygdala/pistorm>
> >
> > Maybe we are at the point where numerous cheap CPU's can eliminate
> FPGA's?
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Michael Parson [SMTP:mparson@bl.org]
> > Sent: Friday, February 05, 2021 10:43 PM
> > To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
> > Subject: Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
> >
> > On 2021-02-04 16:47, Henry Bent wrote:
> > > On Thu, Feb 4, 2021, 17:40 Adam Thornton
> <athornton@gmail.com>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > >> I'm probably Stockholm Syndrommed about 6502. It's
> what I grew
> > up on,
> > >> and
> > >> I still like it a great deal. Admittedly
> register-starved (well,
> >
> > >> unless
> > >> you consider the zero page a whole page of registers),
> > but...simple,
> > >> easy
> > >> to fit in your head, kinda wonderful.
> > >>
> > >> I'd love a 64-bit 6502-alike (but I'd probably give it
> more than
> > three
> > >> registers). I mean given how little silicon (or how
> few FPGA
> > gates) a
> > >> reasonable version of that would take, might as well
> include
> > 65C02 and
> > >> 65816 cores in there too with some sort of
> mode-switching
> > instruction.
> > >> Wouldn't a 6502ish with 64-bit wordsize and a 64-bit
> address bus
> > be
> > >> fun?
> > >> Throw in an onboard MMU and FPU too, I suppose, and
> then you
> > could
> > >> have a
> > >> real system on it.
> > >>
> > >>
> > > Sounds like a perfect project for an FPGA. If there's
> already a
> > 6502
> > > implementation out there, converting to 64 bit should be
> fairly
> > easy.
> >
> > There are FPGA implementations of the 6502 out there. If
> you've not
> > seen
> > it, check out the MiSTer[0] project, FPGA implementations
> of a LOT
> > of
> > computers, going back as far as the EDSAC, PDP-1, a LOT of
> 8, 16,
> > and 32
> > bit systems from the 70s and 80s along with gaming
> consoles from the
> > 70s
> > and 80s.
> >
> > Keeping this semi-TUHS related, one guy[1] has even
> implemented a
> > Sparc 32m[2] (I think maybe an SS10), which boots SunOS 4,
> 5, Linux,
> > NetBSD, and even the Sparc version of NeXTSTEP, but it's
> not part of
> > the
> > "official" MiSTer bits (yet?).
> >
> > --
> > Michael Parson
> > Pflugerville, TX
> > KF5LGQ
> >
> > [0] https://github.com/MiSTer-devel/Main_MiSTer/wiki
> > [1] https://temlib.org/site/
> > [2] https://temlib.org/pub/mister/SS/
>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-13 1:06 Jason Stevens
@ 2021-02-13 2:30 ` Gregg Levine
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Gregg Levine @ 2021-02-13 2:30 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jason Stevens, The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
An amazing idea.
-----
Gregg C Levine gregg.drwho8@gmail.com
"This signature fought the Time Wars, time and again."
On Fri, Feb 12, 2021 at 7:51 PM Jason Stevens
<jsteve@superglobalmegacorp.com> wrote:
>
> You might find this interesting
>
> https://twitter.com/i/status/1320767372853190659
> <https://twitter.com/i/status/1320767372853190659>
>
> It's a pi (arm) running Musashi a 68000 core, but using voltage buffers it's
> plugged into the 68000 socket of an Amiga!
>
> You can find more info on their github:
>
> https://github.com/captain-amygdala/pistorm
> <https://github.com/captain-amygdala/pistorm>
>
> Maybe we are at the point where numerous cheap CPU's can eliminate FPGA's?
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Michael Parson [SMTP:mparson@bl.org]
> Sent: Friday, February 05, 2021 10:43 PM
> To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
> Subject: Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
>
> On 2021-02-04 16:47, Henry Bent wrote:
> > On Thu, Feb 4, 2021, 17:40 Adam Thornton <athornton@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >
> >> I'm probably Stockholm Syndrommed about 6502. It's what I grew
> up on,
> >> and
> >> I still like it a great deal. Admittedly register-starved (well,
>
> >> unless
> >> you consider the zero page a whole page of registers),
> but...simple,
> >> easy
> >> to fit in your head, kinda wonderful.
> >>
> >> I'd love a 64-bit 6502-alike (but I'd probably give it more than
> three
> >> registers). I mean given how little silicon (or how few FPGA
> gates) a
> >> reasonable version of that would take, might as well include
> 65C02 and
> >> 65816 cores in there too with some sort of mode-switching
> instruction.
> >> Wouldn't a 6502ish with 64-bit wordsize and a 64-bit address bus
> be
> >> fun?
> >> Throw in an onboard MMU and FPU too, I suppose, and then you
> could
> >> have a
> >> real system on it.
> >>
> >>
> > Sounds like a perfect project for an FPGA. If there's already a
> 6502
> > implementation out there, converting to 64 bit should be fairly
> easy.
>
> There are FPGA implementations of the 6502 out there. If you've not
> seen
> it, check out the MiSTer[0] project, FPGA implementations of a LOT
> of
> computers, going back as far as the EDSAC, PDP-1, a LOT of 8, 16,
> and 32
> bit systems from the 70s and 80s along with gaming consoles from the
> 70s
> and 80s.
>
> Keeping this semi-TUHS related, one guy[1] has even implemented a
> Sparc 32m[2] (I think maybe an SS10), which boots SunOS 4, 5, Linux,
> NetBSD, and even the Sparc version of NeXTSTEP, but it's not part of
> the
> "official" MiSTer bits (yet?).
>
> --
> Michael Parson
> Pflugerville, TX
> KF5LGQ
>
> [0] https://github.com/MiSTer-devel/Main_MiSTer/wiki
> [1] https://temlib.org/site/
> [2] https://temlib.org/pub/mister/SS/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
@ 2021-02-13 1:06 Jason Stevens
2021-02-13 2:30 ` Gregg Levine
0 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Jason Stevens @ 2021-02-13 1:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: 'Michael Parson', The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
You might find this interesting
https://twitter.com/i/status/1320767372853190659
<https://twitter.com/i/status/1320767372853190659>
It's a pi (arm) running Musashi a 68000 core, but using voltage buffers it's
plugged into the 68000 socket of an Amiga!
You can find more info on their github:
https://github.com/captain-amygdala/pistorm
<https://github.com/captain-amygdala/pistorm>
Maybe we are at the point where numerous cheap CPU's can eliminate FPGA's?
-----Original Message-----
From: Michael Parson [SMTP:mparson@bl.org]
Sent: Friday, February 05, 2021 10:43 PM
To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
Subject: Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
On 2021-02-04 16:47, Henry Bent wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 4, 2021, 17:40 Adam Thornton <athornton@gmail.com>
wrote:
>
>> I'm probably Stockholm Syndrommed about 6502. It's what I grew
up on,
>> and
>> I still like it a great deal. Admittedly register-starved (well,
>> unless
>> you consider the zero page a whole page of registers),
but...simple,
>> easy
>> to fit in your head, kinda wonderful.
>>
>> I'd love a 64-bit 6502-alike (but I'd probably give it more than
three
>> registers). I mean given how little silicon (or how few FPGA
gates) a
>> reasonable version of that would take, might as well include
65C02 and
>> 65816 cores in there too with some sort of mode-switching
instruction.
>> Wouldn't a 6502ish with 64-bit wordsize and a 64-bit address bus
be
>> fun?
>> Throw in an onboard MMU and FPU too, I suppose, and then you
could
>> have a
>> real system on it.
>>
>>
> Sounds like a perfect project for an FPGA. If there's already a
6502
> implementation out there, converting to 64 bit should be fairly
easy.
There are FPGA implementations of the 6502 out there. If you've not
seen
it, check out the MiSTer[0] project, FPGA implementations of a LOT
of
computers, going back as far as the EDSAC, PDP-1, a LOT of 8, 16,
and 32
bit systems from the 70s and 80s along with gaming consoles from the
70s
and 80s.
Keeping this semi-TUHS related, one guy[1] has even implemented a
Sparc 32m[2] (I think maybe an SS10), which boots SunOS 4, 5, Linux,
NetBSD, and even the Sparc version of NeXTSTEP, but it's not part of
the
"official" MiSTer bits (yet?).
--
Michael Parson
Pflugerville, TX
KF5LGQ
[0] https://github.com/MiSTer-devel/Main_MiSTer/wiki
[1] https://temlib.org/site/
[2] https://temlib.org/pub/mister/SS/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 22:47 ` Henry Bent
@ 2021-02-05 14:42 ` Michael Parson
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Michael Parson @ 2021-02-05 14:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
On 2021-02-04 16:47, Henry Bent wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 4, 2021, 17:40 Adam Thornton <athornton@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> I'm probably Stockholm Syndrommed about 6502. It's what I grew up on,
>> and
>> I still like it a great deal. Admittedly register-starved (well,
>> unless
>> you consider the zero page a whole page of registers), but...simple,
>> easy
>> to fit in your head, kinda wonderful.
>>
>> I'd love a 64-bit 6502-alike (but I'd probably give it more than three
>> registers). I mean given how little silicon (or how few FPGA gates) a
>> reasonable version of that would take, might as well include 65C02 and
>> 65816 cores in there too with some sort of mode-switching instruction.
>> Wouldn't a 6502ish with 64-bit wordsize and a 64-bit address bus be
>> fun?
>> Throw in an onboard MMU and FPU too, I suppose, and then you could
>> have a
>> real system on it.
>>
>>
> Sounds like a perfect project for an FPGA. If there's already a 6502
> implementation out there, converting to 64 bit should be fairly easy.
There are FPGA implementations of the 6502 out there. If you've not seen
it, check out the MiSTer[0] project, FPGA implementations of a LOT of
computers, going back as far as the EDSAC, PDP-1, a LOT of 8, 16, and 32
bit systems from the 70s and 80s along with gaming consoles from the 70s
and 80s.
Keeping this semi-TUHS related, one guy[1] has even implemented a
Sparc 32m[2] (I think maybe an SS10), which boots SunOS 4, 5, Linux,
NetBSD, and even the Sparc version of NeXTSTEP, but it's not part of the
"official" MiSTer bits (yet?).
--
Michael Parson
Pflugerville, TX
KF5LGQ
[0] https://github.com/MiSTer-devel/Main_MiSTer/wiki
[1] https://temlib.org/site/
[2] https://temlib.org/pub/mister/SS/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-05 2:16 ` Dave Horsfall
@ 2021-02-05 2:53 ` Larry McVoy
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Larry McVoy @ 2021-02-05 2:53 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Computer Old Farts Followers; +Cc: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
On Fri, Feb 05, 2021 at 01:16:08PM +1100, Dave Horsfall wrote:
> [ Directing to COFF, where it likely belongs ]
>
> On Thu, 4 Feb 2021, Arthur Krewat wrote:
>
> >>-- Dave, wondering whether anyone has ever used every VAX instruction
> >
> >Or every VMS call, for that matter. ;)
>
> Urk... I stayed away from VMS as much as possible (I had a network of
> PDP-11s to play with), although I did do a device driver course; dunno why.
Me too, though I did use Eunice, it was a lonely place, it did not let
me see who was on VMS. I was the only one. A far cry from BSD where
wall went to everyone and talk got you a screen where you talked.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 15:53 ` Arthur Krewat
@ 2021-02-05 2:16 ` Dave Horsfall
2021-02-05 2:53 ` Larry McVoy
0 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Dave Horsfall @ 2021-02-05 2:16 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
[ Directing to COFF, where it likely belongs ]
On Thu, 4 Feb 2021, Arthur Krewat wrote:
>> -- Dave, wondering whether anyone has ever used every VAX instruction
>
> Or every VMS call, for that matter. ;)
Urk... I stayed away from VMS as much as possible (I had a network of
PDP-11s to play with), although I did do a device driver course; dunno
why.
-- Dave
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 22:56 ` Richard Salz
@ 2021-02-04 23:14 ` Steve Nickolas
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Steve Nickolas @ 2021-02-04 23:14 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
On Thu, 4 Feb 2021, Richard Salz wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 4, 2021, 5:12 PM Steve Nickolas <usotsuki@buric.co> wrote:
>
>> Well, it *was* "Braindead Software" C.
>
> Braindamaged software. I knew Leor; he sold me his motorcycle.
Close enough that my point can stand - but I stand corrected.
-uso.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 22:11 ` Steve Nickolas
2021-02-04 22:39 ` Adam Thornton
@ 2021-02-04 22:56 ` Richard Salz
2021-02-04 23:14 ` Steve Nickolas
1 sibling, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Richard Salz @ 2021-02-04 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Steve Nickolas; +Cc: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 178 bytes --]
On Thu, Feb 4, 2021, 5:12 PM Steve Nickolas <usotsuki@buric.co> wrote:
Well, it *was* "Braindead Software" C.
>
Braindamaged software. I knew Leor; he sold me his motorcycle.
[-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 739 bytes --]
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 22:39 ` Adam Thornton
@ 2021-02-04 22:47 ` Henry Bent
2021-02-05 14:42 ` Michael Parson
0 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Henry Bent @ 2021-02-04 22:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Adam Thornton; +Cc: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 957 bytes --]
On Thu, Feb 4, 2021, 17:40 Adam Thornton <athornton@gmail.com> wrote:
> I'm probably Stockholm Syndrommed about 6502. It's what I grew up on, and
> I still like it a great deal. Admittedly register-starved (well, unless
> you consider the zero page a whole page of registers), but...simple, easy
> to fit in your head, kinda wonderful.
>
> I'd love a 64-bit 6502-alike (but I'd probably give it more than three
> registers). I mean given how little silicon (or how few FPGA gates) a
> reasonable version of that would take, might as well include 65C02 and
> 65816 cores in there too with some sort of mode-switching instruction.
> Wouldn't a 6502ish with 64-bit wordsize and a 64-bit address bus be fun?
> Throw in an onboard MMU and FPU too, I suppose, and then you could have a
> real system on it.
>
>
Sounds like a perfect project for an FPGA. If there's already a 6502
implementation out there, converting to 64 bit should be fairly easy.
-Henry
[-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 1391 bytes --]
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 22:11 ` Steve Nickolas
@ 2021-02-04 22:39 ` Adam Thornton
2021-02-04 22:47 ` Henry Bent
2021-02-04 22:56 ` Richard Salz
1 sibling, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Adam Thornton @ 2021-02-04 22:39 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2505 bytes --]
I'm probably Stockholm Syndrommed about 6502. It's what I grew up on, and
I still like it a great deal. Admittedly register-starved (well, unless
you consider the zero page a whole page of registers), but...simple, easy
to fit in your head, kinda wonderful.
I'd love a 64-bit 6502-alike (but I'd probably give it more than three
registers). I mean given how little silicon (or how few FPGA gates) a
reasonable version of that would take, might as well include 65C02 and
65816 cores in there too with some sort of mode-switching instruction.
Wouldn't a 6502ish with 64-bit wordsize and a 64-bit address bus be fun?
Throw in an onboard MMU and FPU too, I suppose, and then you could have a
real system on it.
32-bit SPARC was kind of fun and felt kind of like 6502. The 6502 wasn't
exactly RISCy...but when working with RISC architectures, understanding the
6502 seemed to be helpful.
I really liked the 68000, but in a different way. It's a nice, regular,
easy-to-understand instruction set without many surprises, and felt to me
like it had plenty of registers. Once the 68030 brought the MMU onboard it
was glorious.
Post-370 (which is to say 390/z IBM mainframe architectures) went wild with
microprogrammed crazy baroque very, very special purpose instructions.
Which, I mean, OK, cool, I guess, but not elegant.
I don't really know enough about the DEC architectures. It is my strong
impression that the PDP-11 is regular, simple to understand, and rather
delightful (like I find the 68000), while VAX gets super-baroque like later
IBM mainframe instruction sets. Although I've worked with emulated 10s,
11s, and VAXen, I've never really done anything in assembly (sure, you can
argue that C is the best PDP-11 preprocessor there is) on them.
On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 3:12 PM Steve Nickolas <usotsuki@buric.co> wrote:
> On Fri, 5 Feb 2021, Dave Horsfall wrote:
>
> > The Z80 was quite nice; I wrote heaps of programs for it, and I even
> found an
> > ANSI C Compiler for it (Hi-Tech as I recall; BDS-C was, well, you could
> > barely call it "C")[*]. I compiled a number of Unix programs...
>
> Well, it *was* "Braindead Software" C.
>
> <snip>
>
> > The x86 architecture is utterly brain-dead; I mean, what's wrong with a
> > linear address space? I think it was JohnG who said "segment registers
> > are for worms".
>
> The 65816 doesn't have the screwed-up bitshifted segment stuff but it's
> also a segmented architecture and is also braindead.
>
> And I'm a 65C02 fan.
>
> -uso.
>
[-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 3121 bytes --]
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 21:55 ` Dave Horsfall
@ 2021-02-04 22:11 ` Steve Nickolas
2021-02-04 22:39 ` Adam Thornton
2021-02-04 22:56 ` Richard Salz
0 siblings, 2 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Steve Nickolas @ 2021-02-04 22:11 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
On Fri, 5 Feb 2021, Dave Horsfall wrote:
> The Z80 was quite nice; I wrote heaps of programs for it, and I even found an
> ANSI C Compiler for it (Hi-Tech as I recall; BDS-C was, well, you could
> barely call it "C")[*]. I compiled a number of Unix programs...
Well, it *was* "Braindead Software" C.
<snip>
> The x86 architecture is utterly brain-dead; I mean, what's wrong with a
> linear address space? I think it was JohnG who said "segment registers
> are for worms".
The 65816 doesn't have the screwed-up bitshifted segment stuff but it's
also a segmented architecture and is also braindead.
And I'm a 65C02 fan.
-uso.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2021-02-04 15:47 ` Arthur Krewat
@ 2021-02-04 21:55 ` Dave Horsfall
2021-02-04 22:11 ` Steve Nickolas
3 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Dave Horsfall @ 2021-02-04 21:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
On Wed, 3 Feb 2021, Larry McVoy wrote:
>> The 68K always reminded me of the VAX.
>
> I'm not sure if that is a compliment or not.
The 68K was fairly clean; the VAX not so much... I got the impression
that it was designed by a committee i.e. everybody wanted to have their
own instruction/feature, and it showed. I do admit though that paging the
page tables was a stroke of genius.
> The NS320XX always reminded me more of the PDP-11 (which is by *far*
> my favorite assembler, so uniform, I had a TA that could read the octal
> dump of a PDP-11 like it was C). I wasn't that good but I could sort of
> see what he was seeing and I never saw that in the VAX. 68K was closer
> but I felt like the NS320xx was closer yet. Pity they couldn't produce
> bug free chips.
I used to be a whiz on the 360 :-) As part of our final CompSci exams
we had to hand-assemble and disassemble some code, and I hardly ever referred
to the "green card".
> Someone mentioned Z80000, I stopped at Z80 so I don't know if that was
> also a pleasant ISA.
The Z80 was quite nice; I wrote heaps of programs for it, and I even found
an ANSI C Compiler for it (Hi-Tech as I recall; BDS-C was, well, you could
barely call it "C")[*]. I compiled a number of Unix programs...
> The x86 stuff is about as far away from PDP-11 as you can get. Required
> to know it, but so unpleasant.
The x86 architecture is utterly brain-dead; I mean, what's wrong with a
linear address space? I think it was JohnG who said "segment registers
are for worms".
> I have to admit that I haven't looked at ARM assembler, the M1 is making
> me rethink that. Anyone have an opinion on where ARM lies in the pleasant
> to unpleasant scale?
I've been looking at the ARM; it seems quite nice at first glance.
> --lm who misses comp.arch back when CPU people hung out there
Indeed. I gave up on USENET when the joint got flooded by spammers; I
still have my "cancel" script somewhere.
[*]
I think it was Henry Spencer who said (in an unrelated matter): "Somehow
to be called a C compiler, I think it ought at least be able to compile
C".
-- Dave, who ran aus.radio.amateur.*
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 15:47 ` Arthur Krewat
@ 2021-02-04 16:03 ` emanuel stiebler
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: emanuel stiebler @ 2021-02-04 16:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Arthur Krewat, Larry McVoy; +Cc: tuhs
On 2021-02-04 10:47, Arthur Krewat wrote:
> Post/pre decrement/increment, 32-bit everything, it was an easy move,
> mentally, from VAX to 68K.
I worked with 11s and VAX at this time the 68k came out, and as a
student, the 68k was the only way to get a decent machine for less.
And it really felt like the real thing ...
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 2:18 ` Dave Horsfall
@ 2021-02-04 15:53 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-05 2:16 ` Dave Horsfall
0 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Arthur Krewat @ 2021-02-04 15:53 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: tuhs
On 2/3/2021 9:18 PM, Dave Horsfall wrote:
> -- Dave, wondering whether anyone has ever used every VAX instruction
Or every VMS call, for that matter. ;)
art k.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
2021-02-04 1:47 ` Al Kossow
2021-02-04 7:23 ` Arno Griffioen
@ 2021-02-04 15:47 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-04 16:03 ` emanuel stiebler
2021-02-04 21:55 ` Dave Horsfall
3 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Arthur Krewat @ 2021-02-04 15:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Larry McVoy; +Cc: tuhs
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On 2/3/2021 8:33 PM, Larry McVoy wrote:
>> The 68K always reminded me of the VAX.
> I'm not sure if that is a compliment or not.
Neither, more of an observation than anything.
Post/pre decrement/increment, 32-bit everything, it was an easy move,
mentally, from VAX to 68K. I cut my teeth on a PDP-10, but also VAX, and
a sprinkling of microprocessors such as the 8080, Z80, 6502 and of
course, 8088/86.
Back around the mid 80's, a friend and I built a 68020 prototype
computer from spare parts, all wire-wrapped, fast static RAM (it was
free), and I wrote a cross-assembler in C (on a 80386 PC) and we went to
town. And then, as they say, life happened. It was much easier to get
access to, or take home, powerful enough computers that we didn't need
to build our own. My friend still has the thing. I still have the
cross-assembler too, but sadly no actual code I wrote at the time. It
would have been worth a laugh or two ;)
I still have a Sun 3/280 laying around here somewhere...
art k.
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 0:41 ` [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode John Gilmore
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2021-02-04 1:14 ` Clem Cole
@ 2021-02-04 14:56 ` John Cowan
3 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: John Cowan @ 2021-02-04 14:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: John Gilmore; +Cc: UNIX Heritage Society
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 1251 bytes --]
On Wed, Feb 3, 2021 at 7:42 PM John Gilmore <gnu@toad.com> wrote:
> It seems like the designers of
> the other chips (e.g. the 8088) had never actually worked with real
> computers (mainframes and minicomputers) and kept not-learning from
> computing history.
>
Hence the description of Windows 95 as "a 32-bit extension to a 16-bit
patch to an 8 bit OS originally for a 4-bit chip written by a 2-bit company
that doesn't care 1 bit about its users."
On Wed, Feb 3, 2021 at 8:34 PM Larry McVoy <lm@mcvoy.com> wrote:
The NS320XX always reminded me more of the PDP-11 (which is by *far*
> my favorite assembler, so uniform,
I slightly prefer the MIPS-32.
> The x86 stuff is about as far away from PDP-11 as you can get. Required
> to know it, but so unpleasant.
>
Required? Ghu forbid. After doing a bunch of PDP-11 assembler work, I
found out that the Vax had 256 opcodes and foreswore assembly thereafter.
Still, that was nothing compared to the 1500+ opcodes of x86*. I think I
dodged a bullet.
On Wed, Feb 3, 2021 at 9:18 PM Dave Horsfall <dave@horsfall.org> wrote:
> -- Dave, wondering whether anyone has ever used every VAX instruction
>
AFAIU, some of them were significantly slower than their multi-instruction
equivalents.
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 7:23 ` Arno Griffioen
@ 2021-02-04 11:28 ` Toby Thain
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Toby Thain @ 2021-02-04 11:28 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: tuhs
On 2021-02-04 2:23 a.m., Arno Griffioen wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 03, 2021 at 05:33:56PM -0800, Larry McVoy wrote:
>> I have to admit that I haven't looked at ARM assembler, the M1 is making
>> me rethink that. Anyone have an opinion on where ARM lies in the pleasant
>> to unpleasant scale?
>
> 'Different' is what I would call it..
>
> Years ago I did a bunch of assembly hacking on the original ARM2 used in the
> Archimedes A3000, which was an amazingly fast CPU for the time.
>
> The thing that stood out on these CPU's to me, which was wildly different
> to what I was used to (M68K, 6502, Z80/8080, VAX), was the fact that
> many instructions were (somewhat) composeable.
>
> Aka. you can/could add varuous logical operations like AND, OR, etc. 'into' an
> instruction like a load or store and it would take the same number of clock
> cycles to execute it all in 1 go.
That is immediately reminiscent of DG Nova, PDP-8 (and to a tiny extent,
PowerPC).
>
> That was great for doing data manipulation at very high rates for the time
> compared to the common CISC CPU's as you did not need to go through multiple
> fetch and modify cycles.
>
> Reminiscent of some VLIW setups, but still more 'human readable' :)
>
> The original ARM1/2/3 design did have some oddities like status bits being
> encoded in the top of the (23) address bits, which meant that later versions of
> the original design had to do some memory tricks to use a bigger address
> space and keep compatilibity to the original code.
>
> I suspect the current common ARM revisions since the move to the StrongARM
> (ARM4) architecture, when DEC got involved and ARM became a standalone chip
> design firm, have long fixed those oddities.
>
> Probably still retains the way in which it encodes it's instructions to make
> a lot of common logic operations while shuffling data more efficient though..
ARM MCUs also have the "bit manipulation engine" for a similar goal, I
think.
--Toby
>
> Having said that.. (and bringing it more back to TUHS instead of COFF ;) )
>
> The ARM2 and ARM3 based machines could already run UNIX with Acorn selling
> RISC iX for a short time, which was a 4.3BSD port done in the late 80's
> and early 90's.
>
> Very few of those were ever used/sold though as the Acorn Archimedes series
> of machines were quite a bit more expensive than more widespread CISC machines.
> Most were found in the UK and often in universities and the like.
>
> Bye, Arno.
>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
2021-02-04 1:47 ` Al Kossow
@ 2021-02-04 7:23 ` Arno Griffioen
2021-02-04 11:28 ` Toby Thain
2021-02-04 15:47 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-04 21:55 ` Dave Horsfall
3 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Arno Griffioen @ 2021-02-04 7:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: tuhs
On Wed, Feb 03, 2021 at 05:33:56PM -0800, Larry McVoy wrote:
> I have to admit that I haven't looked at ARM assembler, the M1 is making
> me rethink that. Anyone have an opinion on where ARM lies in the pleasant
> to unpleasant scale?
'Different' is what I would call it..
Years ago I did a bunch of assembly hacking on the original ARM2 used in the
Archimedes A3000, which was an amazingly fast CPU for the time.
The thing that stood out on these CPU's to me, which was wildly different
to what I was used to (M68K, 6502, Z80/8080, VAX), was the fact that
many instructions were (somewhat) composeable.
Aka. you can/could add varuous logical operations like AND, OR, etc. 'into' an
instruction like a load or store and it would take the same number of clock
cycles to execute it all in 1 go.
That was great for doing data manipulation at very high rates for the time
compared to the common CISC CPU's as you did not need to go through multiple
fetch and modify cycles.
Reminiscent of some VLIW setups, but still more 'human readable' :)
The original ARM1/2/3 design did have some oddities like status bits being
encoded in the top of the (23) address bits, which meant that later versions of
the original design had to do some memory tricks to use a bigger address
space and keep compatilibity to the original code.
I suspect the current common ARM revisions since the move to the StrongARM
(ARM4) architecture, when DEC got involved and ARM became a standalone chip
design firm, have long fixed those oddities.
Probably still retains the way in which it encodes it's instructions to make
a lot of common logic operations while shuffling data more efficient though..
Having said that.. (and bringing it more back to TUHS instead of COFF ;) )
The ARM2 and ARM3 based machines could already run UNIX with Acorn selling
RISC iX for a short time, which was a 4.3BSD port done in the late 80's
and early 90's.
Very few of those were ever used/sold though as the Acorn Archimedes series
of machines were quite a bit more expensive than more widespread CISC machines.
Most were found in the UK and often in universities and the like.
Bye, Arno.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:10 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
2021-02-04 1:35 ` Clem Cole
@ 2021-02-04 2:18 ` Dave Horsfall
2021-02-04 15:53 ` Arthur Krewat
2 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Dave Horsfall @ 2021-02-04 2:18 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society
On Wed, 3 Feb 2021, Arthur Krewat wrote:
> The 68K always reminded me of the VAX.
Pretty much the same instruction set, but on steroids :-)
-- Dave, wondering whether anyone has ever used every VAX instruction
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:47 ` Al Kossow
@ 2021-02-04 1:57 ` Al Kossow
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Al Kossow @ 2021-02-04 1:57 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: tuhs
On 2/3/21 5:47 PM, Al Kossow wrote:
> On 2/3/21 5:33 PM, Larry McVoy wrote:
>> Anyone have an opinion on where ARM lies in the pleasant
>> to unpleasant scale?
>
> Don't look at how they implemented bit manipulation
>
https://spin.atomicobject.com/2013/02/08/bit-banding/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
@ 2021-02-04 1:47 ` Al Kossow
2021-02-04 1:57 ` Al Kossow
2021-02-04 7:23 ` Arno Griffioen
` (2 subsequent siblings)
3 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Al Kossow @ 2021-02-04 1:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: tuhs
On 2/3/21 5:33 PM, Larry McVoy wrote:
> Anyone have an opinion on where ARM lies in the pleasant
> to unpleasant scale?
Don't look at how they implemented bit manipulation
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:10 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
@ 2021-02-04 1:35 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 2:18 ` Dave Horsfall
2 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Clem Cole @ 2021-02-04 1:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Arthur Krewat; +Cc: tuhs
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 1432 bytes --]
No, that was the 16032 from nat semi.
I believe at least Nick and Les had been building oil drilling controll
systems using pdp11s and custom TTL For Schulmerger before they came to
Moto. They were definitely pdp11 fans. But they had used 360 systems at
UT in college. So they idea of a 24 bit pointer stored in a 32 bit word
they took from it.
Remember the chip was a 16 chip inside. It has 16 bit Barallel shifter and
All 32 bit operations took 2 ticks. And int was naturally 16 bits which
is what it was in my compiler.
I think it was Jack Test's compiler from MIT that was the first one ILP32
one for the 68k.
I used to commute to work at Stellar with Les and he told me many of the
stories btw. One of them I remember was they were worried about the
Barallel shifter because it was one of the pieces that was different
between the TTL prototype and the MOS implementation and it was the largest
pattern on the die. It was one of the few parts of the chip that had full
spice simulation.
Clem
On Wed, Feb 3, 2021 at 8:18 PM Arthur Krewat <krewat@kilonet.net> wrote:
> On 2/3/2021 7:41 PM, John Gilmore wrote:
> > When the 68000 was announced, it was obviously head-and-shoulders better
> > than the other clunky 8-bit and 16-bit systems, with a clean 32-bit
> > architecture and a large address space.
> The 68K always reminded me of the VAX.
>
> art k.
>
> --
Sent from a handheld expect more typos than usual
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:10 ` Arthur Krewat
@ 2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
2021-02-04 1:47 ` Al Kossow
` (3 more replies)
2021-02-04 1:35 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 2:18 ` Dave Horsfall
2 siblings, 4 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Larry McVoy @ 2021-02-04 1:33 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Arthur Krewat; +Cc: tuhs
On Wed, Feb 03, 2021 at 08:10:58PM -0500, Arthur Krewat wrote:
> On 2/3/2021 7:41 PM, John Gilmore wrote:
> >When the 68000 was announced, it was obviously head-and-shoulders better
> >than the other clunky 8-bit and 16-bit systems, with a clean 32-bit
> >architecture and a large address space.
> The 68K always reminded me of the VAX.
I'm not sure if that is a compliment or not.
The NS320XX always reminded me more of the PDP-11 (which is by *far*
my favorite assembler, so uniform, I had a TA that could read the octal
dump of a PDP-11 like it was C). I wasn't that good but I could sort of
see what he was seeing and I never saw that in the VAX. 68K was closer
but I felt like the NS320xx was closer yet. Pity they couldn't produce
bug free chips.
Someone mentioned Z80000, I stopped at Z80 so I don't know if that was
also a pleasant ISA.
The x86 stuff is about as far away from PDP-11 as you can get. Required
to know it, but so unpleasant.
I have to admit that I haven't looked at ARM assembler, the M1 is making
me rethink that. Anyone have an opinion on where ARM lies in the pleasant
to unpleasant scale?
--lm who misses comp.arch back when CPU people hung out there
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 1:14 ` Clem Cole
@ 2021-02-04 1:20 ` Clem Cole
0 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Clem Cole @ 2021-02-04 1:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: John Gilmore; +Cc: UNIX Heritage Society
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 9673 bytes --]
Bad iPhone autocorrect sigh...
They all ran the AVTs on the TTL prototype.
On Wed, Feb 3, 2021 at 8:14 PM Clem Cole <clemc@ccc.com> wrote:
> Hey John. Bad cut/paste. I did not say 1980. That was from Eds msg. I
> said we got what would become X series parts in winter 79. As I
> understand it from Les; he, Nick and Tom built try the TTL prototype in
> Early 78 with Les and Tom turning it into Si later that year while Nick was
> writing ucode and all of the writing AVTs we high ran against then TTL
> system.
>
> Les says Tom did a masterful job of keeping management out of their hair
> such they they stayed under the radar.
>
> From what I understand there was so much focus on countering the Z80 with
> the 6809 that management thought they were just experimenting with a more
> 16 bit 6809. But what they were doing was an AD experiment. The fact
> that it worked was amazing.
>
> On Wed, Feb 3, 2021 at 7:41 PM John Gilmore <gnu@toad.com> wrote:
>
>> Clem Cole <clemc@ccc.com> wrote:
>> > > MC 68K was created in 1980 or thereabouts.
>>
>> Wikimedia Commons has a pic of a 1979 XC68000L:
>>
>> https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XC68000.agr.jpg
>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:XC68000.agr.jpg
>>
>> After a USENET posting pointed me at them, I browsed the Sunnyvale
>> Patent Library to bring home the patents for the Motorola 68000. They
>> include a full listing of the entire microcode! I ended up copying it,
>> taping the sheets together to reconstitute Nick Tredennick's
>> large-format "hardware flowcharts", and hanging them in the hallway near
>> my office at Sun. Fascinating!
>>
>> I never saw X68000 parts; Sun started in 1981, so Moto had production
>> parts by then. But Sun did get early prototypes of the 68010, which we
>> were very happy for, since we and our customers were running a swapping
>> Unisoft UNIX because the 68000 couldn't do paging and thus couldn't run
>> the BSD UNIX that we were porting from the Vax. Later, I was part of
>> the Sun bringup team using the XC68020. We built a big spider-like
>> daughterboard adapter that would let it be plugged into a 64-pin 68010
>> socket, so we could debug the 68020 in a Sun-2 CPU board while building
>> 32-bit-wide boards for the Sun-3 bringup. We had it successfully
>> running UNIX within a day of receiving it! (We later heard that our
>> Moto rep was intending to give that precious early part to another
>> customer, but decided during their meeting with us to give it to us,
>> because we were so ready to get it running.)
>>
>> When the 68000 was announced, it was obviously head-and-shoulders better
>> than the other clunky 8-bit and 16-bit systems, with a clean 32-bit
>> architecture and a large address space. It seems like the designers of
>> the other chips (e.g. the 8088) had never actually worked with real
>> computers (mainframes and minicomputers) and kept not-learning from
>> computing history.
>>
>> Some of my early experience was in APL implementation on the IBM 360
>> series. I knew the 68000 would be a great APL host, since its
>> autoincrement addressing was perfect for implementing vector operations.
>> In the process of designing an APL for it (which was never built), I
>> wrote up a series of short suggestions to Motorola on how to improve the
>> design. This was published in Computer Architecture News. For the
>> 68010 they actually did one of the ideas, the "loop mode" that would
>> detect a 1-instruction backward decrement-and-branch loop, and stop
>> continually re-fetching the two instructions. This made
>> memory-to-memory or register-vs-memory instruction loops run at almost
>> the speed of memory, which was a big improvement for bcopy, bzero,
>> add-up-a-vector-of-integers, etc.
>>
>> I'll append a USENET posting about the 68000 patents, followed by my
>> addendum after visiting the Patent office.
>>
>> John
>>
>> From decwrl!decvax!harpo!npoiv!npois!houxm!houxa!houxk!tdl (T.LOVETT) Tue
>> Mar 15 16:55:28 1983
>> Subject: 68000: 16 bits. With references
>> Newsgroups: net.micro.68k
>>
>> With due respect to Henry Spencer I feel that I must correct
>> some of his statements regarding the 68000. He is correct in
>> saying that the 68000 is basically 16 bits wide; however,
>> his explanation of the segmented bus is incorrect.
>>
>> The datapath of the 68000 is divided into three pieces, each of
>> which has two busses, address and data, running through it. Six
>> busses total. There are muxes which can be switched so that all
>> address busses are connected and all data busses are connected.
>> The three sections of the datapath are the data section
>> (includes low 16 bits of all data registers and ALU), the
>> "low" section (contains the low 16 bits of address registers and
>> the low half of the Address Adder(AAU)), and the "high" section
>> (contains high 16 bits of all address and data registers and
>> the upper half of the AAU).
>>
>> Theoretically they could do 6 16 bit transfers simultaneously,
>> but in looking through the microcode I don't remember seeing more
>> than three transfers at a time. The "low" and "high" sections can
>> be cascaded to provide a 32 bit arithmetic unit for address
>> calculations. 32 bit data calculations must be done in two passes through
>> the ALU.
>>
>> For the masochists out there, you can learn more than you ever wanted
>> to know about the 68000 by reading Motorola's patents on it. They are
>> available for some nominal fee (~ one dollar) from the Office
>> of Patents and Trademarks in Arlington. The relevant patents are:
>>
>> 1 - #4,307,445 "Microprogrammed Control Apparatus Having a Two
>> Level Control Store for Data Processor", Tredennick, et al.
>>
>> First design of 68000 which was scrapped?
>>
>> 2 - #4,296,469 "Execution Unit for Data Processor using Segmented
>> Bus structure", Gunter, et al.
>>
>> All about the 16 bit data path
>>
>> 3 - #4,312,034 "ALU and Condition Code Control Unit for Data Processor",
>> Gunter, et al.
>>
>> Boring.
>>
>> 4 - #4,325,121 "Two-Level Control Store for Microprogrammed Data
>> Processor",
>> Gunter et al.
>>
>> Bonanza! Full of block diagrams and everything you ever wanted
>> to know. Includes complete listing of microcode with
>> Tredennick's "hardware flowcharts".
>>
>> Hope this clears things up.
>>
>> Tom Lovett BTL Holmdel harpo!houxk!tdl 201-949-0056
>>
>>
>> My [gnu] notes on additional 68000 patents:
>>
>> Pat # Appl # Filed date Issued date Inventors
>>
>> 4,338,661 041,201 May 21, 1979 Jul 6, 1982
>> Tredennick & Gunter
>> Conditional Branch Unit for Microprogrammed Data Processor
>>
>> 4,342,078 041,202 May 21, 1979 Jul 27, 1982
>> Tredennick & Gunter
>> Instruction Register Sequence Decoder for Microprogrammed
>> Data Processor and Method
>>
>> 4,312,034 041,203 May 21, 1979 Jan 19, 1982
>> Gunter, Hobbs, Spak, Tredennick
>> ALU and Condition Code Control Unit for Data Processor
>>
>> 4,325,121 041,135 May 21, 1979 Apr 13, 1982
>> Gunter, Tredennick
>> Two-Level Control Store for Microprogrammed Data Processor
>> Bonanza! Full of block diagrams and everything you ever
>> wanted
>> to know. Includes complete listing of microcode with
>> Tredennick's "hardware flowcharts".
>>
>> 4,296,469 961,798 Nov 17, 1978 Oct 20, 1981
>> Gunter, Tredennick, McAlister
>> Execution Unit for Data Processor Using Segmented Bus Structure
>> All about the 16 bit data path
>>
>> 4,348,722 136,845 Apr 3, 1980 Sep 7, 1982
>> Gunter, Crudele, Zolnowsky, Mothersole
>> Bus Error Recognition for Microprogrammed Data Processor
>>
>> 4,349,873 136,593 Apr 2, 1980 Sep 14, 1982
>> Gunter, Zolnowsky, Crudele
>> Microprocessor Interrupt Processing
>>
>> 4,524,415 447,721 Dec 7, 1982 Jun 18, 1985
>> Mills, Moyer, MacGregor, Zolnowsky
>> Virtual Machine Data Processor
>> 68010 changes to 68000
>>
>> 4,348,741 169,558 Jul 17, 1980 Sep 7, 1982
>> McAlister, Gunter, Spak, Schriber
>> Priority Encoder
>> Used to decode the bit masks for MOVEM.
>>
>> XXXXXXXXX 446,801 Dec 7, 1982
>> Crudele, Zolnowsky, Moyer, MacGregor
>> Virtual Memory Data Processor
>>
>> XXXXXXXXX 447,600 Dec 7, 1982
>> MacGregor, Moyer, Mills Jr, Zolnowsky
>> Data Processor Version Validation
>> About how bus errors store a CPU mask version # to
>> prevent their being restarted on a different CPU mask
>> in a multiprocessor system
>>
>> XXXXXXXXX 961,796 Nov 17, 1978
>> Tredennick et al
>> Microprogrammed Control Apparatus for Data Processor
>> (continued into 4,325,121, probably never issued)
>>
>> XXXXXXXXX 961,797 Nov 17, 1978
>> McAlister et al
>> Multi-port RAM Structure for Data Processor Registers
>>
>> 4,307,445 961,796 Nov 17, 1978
>> Tredennick, et al
>> Microprogrammed Control Apparatus Having a Two Level
>> Control Store for Data Processor
>> First design of 68000 which was scrapped?
>>
>> --
> Sent from a handheld expect more typos than usual
>
--
Sent from a handheld expect more typos than usual
[-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 11818 bytes --]
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 0:41 ` [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode John Gilmore
2021-02-04 0:52 ` Al Kossow
2021-02-04 1:10 ` Arthur Krewat
@ 2021-02-04 1:14 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 1:20 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 14:56 ` John Cowan
3 siblings, 1 reply; 29+ messages in thread
From: Clem Cole @ 2021-02-04 1:14 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: John Gilmore; +Cc: UNIX Heritage Society
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 9250 bytes --]
Hey John. Bad cut/paste. I did not say 1980. That was from Eds msg. I
said we got what would become X series parts in winter 79. As I
understand it from Les; he, Nick and Tom built try the TTL prototype in
Early 78 with Les and Tom turning it into Si later that year while Nick was
writing ucode and all of the writing AVTs we high ran against then TTL
system.
Les says Tom did a masterful job of keeping management out of their hair
such they they stayed under the radar.
From what I understand there was so much focus on countering the Z80 with
the 6809 that management thought they were just experimenting with a more
16 bit 6809. But what they were doing was an AD experiment. The fact
that it worked was amazing.
On Wed, Feb 3, 2021 at 7:41 PM John Gilmore <gnu@toad.com> wrote:
> Clem Cole <clemc@ccc.com> wrote:
> > > MC 68K was created in 1980 or thereabouts.
>
> Wikimedia Commons has a pic of a 1979 XC68000L:
>
> https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XC68000.agr.jpg
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:XC68000.agr.jpg
>
> After a USENET posting pointed me at them, I browsed the Sunnyvale
> Patent Library to bring home the patents for the Motorola 68000. They
> include a full listing of the entire microcode! I ended up copying it,
> taping the sheets together to reconstitute Nick Tredennick's
> large-format "hardware flowcharts", and hanging them in the hallway near
> my office at Sun. Fascinating!
>
> I never saw X68000 parts; Sun started in 1981, so Moto had production
> parts by then. But Sun did get early prototypes of the 68010, which we
> were very happy for, since we and our customers were running a swapping
> Unisoft UNIX because the 68000 couldn't do paging and thus couldn't run
> the BSD UNIX that we were porting from the Vax. Later, I was part of
> the Sun bringup team using the XC68020. We built a big spider-like
> daughterboard adapter that would let it be plugged into a 64-pin 68010
> socket, so we could debug the 68020 in a Sun-2 CPU board while building
> 32-bit-wide boards for the Sun-3 bringup. We had it successfully
> running UNIX within a day of receiving it! (We later heard that our
> Moto rep was intending to give that precious early part to another
> customer, but decided during their meeting with us to give it to us,
> because we were so ready to get it running.)
>
> When the 68000 was announced, it was obviously head-and-shoulders better
> than the other clunky 8-bit and 16-bit systems, with a clean 32-bit
> architecture and a large address space. It seems like the designers of
> the other chips (e.g. the 8088) had never actually worked with real
> computers (mainframes and minicomputers) and kept not-learning from
> computing history.
>
> Some of my early experience was in APL implementation on the IBM 360
> series. I knew the 68000 would be a great APL host, since its
> autoincrement addressing was perfect for implementing vector operations.
> In the process of designing an APL for it (which was never built), I
> wrote up a series of short suggestions to Motorola on how to improve the
> design. This was published in Computer Architecture News. For the
> 68010 they actually did one of the ideas, the "loop mode" that would
> detect a 1-instruction backward decrement-and-branch loop, and stop
> continually re-fetching the two instructions. This made
> memory-to-memory or register-vs-memory instruction loops run at almost
> the speed of memory, which was a big improvement for bcopy, bzero,
> add-up-a-vector-of-integers, etc.
>
> I'll append a USENET posting about the 68000 patents, followed by my
> addendum after visiting the Patent office.
>
> John
>
> From decwrl!decvax!harpo!npoiv!npois!houxm!houxa!houxk!tdl (T.LOVETT) Tue
> Mar 15 16:55:28 1983
> Subject: 68000: 16 bits. With references
> Newsgroups: net.micro.68k
>
> With due respect to Henry Spencer I feel that I must correct
> some of his statements regarding the 68000. He is correct in
> saying that the 68000 is basically 16 bits wide; however,
> his explanation of the segmented bus is incorrect.
>
> The datapath of the 68000 is divided into three pieces, each of
> which has two busses, address and data, running through it. Six
> busses total. There are muxes which can be switched so that all
> address busses are connected and all data busses are connected.
> The three sections of the datapath are the data section
> (includes low 16 bits of all data registers and ALU), the
> "low" section (contains the low 16 bits of address registers and
> the low half of the Address Adder(AAU)), and the "high" section
> (contains high 16 bits of all address and data registers and
> the upper half of the AAU).
>
> Theoretically they could do 6 16 bit transfers simultaneously,
> but in looking through the microcode I don't remember seeing more
> than three transfers at a time. The "low" and "high" sections can
> be cascaded to provide a 32 bit arithmetic unit for address
> calculations. 32 bit data calculations must be done in two passes through
> the ALU.
>
> For the masochists out there, you can learn more than you ever wanted
> to know about the 68000 by reading Motorola's patents on it. They are
> available for some nominal fee (~ one dollar) from the Office
> of Patents and Trademarks in Arlington. The relevant patents are:
>
> 1 - #4,307,445 "Microprogrammed Control Apparatus Having a Two
> Level Control Store for Data Processor", Tredennick, et al.
>
> First design of 68000 which was scrapped?
>
> 2 - #4,296,469 "Execution Unit for Data Processor using Segmented
> Bus structure", Gunter, et al.
>
> All about the 16 bit data path
>
> 3 - #4,312,034 "ALU and Condition Code Control Unit for Data Processor",
> Gunter, et al.
>
> Boring.
>
> 4 - #4,325,121 "Two-Level Control Store for Microprogrammed Data
> Processor",
> Gunter et al.
>
> Bonanza! Full of block diagrams and everything you ever wanted
> to know. Includes complete listing of microcode with
> Tredennick's "hardware flowcharts".
>
> Hope this clears things up.
>
> Tom Lovett BTL Holmdel harpo!houxk!tdl 201-949-0056
>
>
> My [gnu] notes on additional 68000 patents:
>
> Pat # Appl # Filed date Issued date Inventors
>
> 4,338,661 041,201 May 21, 1979 Jul 6, 1982
> Tredennick & Gunter
> Conditional Branch Unit for Microprogrammed Data Processor
>
> 4,342,078 041,202 May 21, 1979 Jul 27, 1982
> Tredennick & Gunter
> Instruction Register Sequence Decoder for Microprogrammed
> Data Processor and Method
>
> 4,312,034 041,203 May 21, 1979 Jan 19, 1982
> Gunter, Hobbs, Spak, Tredennick
> ALU and Condition Code Control Unit for Data Processor
>
> 4,325,121 041,135 May 21, 1979 Apr 13, 1982
> Gunter, Tredennick
> Two-Level Control Store for Microprogrammed Data Processor
> Bonanza! Full of block diagrams and everything you ever
> wanted
> to know. Includes complete listing of microcode with
> Tredennick's "hardware flowcharts".
>
> 4,296,469 961,798 Nov 17, 1978 Oct 20, 1981
> Gunter, Tredennick, McAlister
> Execution Unit for Data Processor Using Segmented Bus Structure
> All about the 16 bit data path
>
> 4,348,722 136,845 Apr 3, 1980 Sep 7, 1982
> Gunter, Crudele, Zolnowsky, Mothersole
> Bus Error Recognition for Microprogrammed Data Processor
>
> 4,349,873 136,593 Apr 2, 1980 Sep 14, 1982
> Gunter, Zolnowsky, Crudele
> Microprocessor Interrupt Processing
>
> 4,524,415 447,721 Dec 7, 1982 Jun 18, 1985
> Mills, Moyer, MacGregor, Zolnowsky
> Virtual Machine Data Processor
> 68010 changes to 68000
>
> 4,348,741 169,558 Jul 17, 1980 Sep 7, 1982
> McAlister, Gunter, Spak, Schriber
> Priority Encoder
> Used to decode the bit masks for MOVEM.
>
> XXXXXXXXX 446,801 Dec 7, 1982
> Crudele, Zolnowsky, Moyer, MacGregor
> Virtual Memory Data Processor
>
> XXXXXXXXX 447,600 Dec 7, 1982
> MacGregor, Moyer, Mills Jr, Zolnowsky
> Data Processor Version Validation
> About how bus errors store a CPU mask version # to
> prevent their being restarted on a different CPU mask
> in a multiprocessor system
>
> XXXXXXXXX 961,796 Nov 17, 1978
> Tredennick et al
> Microprogrammed Control Apparatus for Data Processor
> (continued into 4,325,121, probably never issued)
>
> XXXXXXXXX 961,797 Nov 17, 1978
> McAlister et al
> Multi-port RAM Structure for Data Processor Registers
>
> 4,307,445 961,796 Nov 17, 1978
> Tredennick, et al
> Microprogrammed Control Apparatus Having a Two Level
> Control Store for Data Processor
> First design of 68000 which was scrapped?
>
> --
Sent from a handheld expect more typos than usual
[-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 11138 bytes --]
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 0:41 ` [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode John Gilmore
2021-02-04 0:52 ` Al Kossow
@ 2021-02-04 1:10 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
` (2 more replies)
2021-02-04 1:14 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 14:56 ` John Cowan
3 siblings, 3 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Arthur Krewat @ 2021-02-04 1:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: tuhs
On 2/3/2021 7:41 PM, John Gilmore wrote:
> When the 68000 was announced, it was obviously head-and-shoulders better
> than the other clunky 8-bit and 16-bit systems, with a clean 32-bit
> architecture and a large address space.
The 68K always reminded me of the VAX.
art k.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-04 0:41 ` [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode John Gilmore
@ 2021-02-04 0:52 ` Al Kossow
2021-02-04 1:10 ` Arthur Krewat
` (2 subsequent siblings)
3 siblings, 0 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: Al Kossow @ 2021-02-04 0:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: tuhs
On 2/3/21 4:41 PM, John Gilmore wrote:
> Clem Cole <clemc@ccc.com> wrote:
>>> MC 68K was created in 1980 or thereabouts.
>
> Wikimedia Commons has a pic of a 1979 XC68000L:
>
> https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XC68000.agr.jpg
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:XC68000.agr.jpg
>
> After a USENET posting pointed me at them, I browsed the Sunnyvale
> Patent Library to bring home the patents for the Motorola 68000. They
> include a full listing of the entire microcode! I ended up copying it,
> taping the sheets together to reconstitute Nick Tredennick's
> large-format "hardware flowcharts", and hanging them in the hallway near
> my office at Sun. Fascinating!
Oliver Galibert's work on re the 68000
https://og.kervella.org/m68k/
http://gendev.spritesmind.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3023
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
* Re: [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode
2021-02-03 14:58 ` Clem Cole
@ 2021-02-04 0:41 ` John Gilmore
2021-02-04 0:52 ` Al Kossow
` (3 more replies)
0 siblings, 4 replies; 29+ messages in thread
From: John Gilmore @ 2021-02-04 0:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Clem Cole; +Cc: UNIX Heritage Society
Clem Cole <clemc@ccc.com> wrote:
> > MC 68K was created in 1980 or thereabouts.
Wikimedia Commons has a pic of a 1979 XC68000L:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XC68000.agr.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:XC68000.agr.jpg
After a USENET posting pointed me at them, I browsed the Sunnyvale
Patent Library to bring home the patents for the Motorola 68000. They
include a full listing of the entire microcode! I ended up copying it,
taping the sheets together to reconstitute Nick Tredennick's
large-format "hardware flowcharts", and hanging them in the hallway near
my office at Sun. Fascinating!
I never saw X68000 parts; Sun started in 1981, so Moto had production
parts by then. But Sun did get early prototypes of the 68010, which we
were very happy for, since we and our customers were running a swapping
Unisoft UNIX because the 68000 couldn't do paging and thus couldn't run
the BSD UNIX that we were porting from the Vax. Later, I was part of
the Sun bringup team using the XC68020. We built a big spider-like
daughterboard adapter that would let it be plugged into a 64-pin 68010
socket, so we could debug the 68020 in a Sun-2 CPU board while building
32-bit-wide boards for the Sun-3 bringup. We had it successfully
running UNIX within a day of receiving it! (We later heard that our
Moto rep was intending to give that precious early part to another
customer, but decided during their meeting with us to give it to us,
because we were so ready to get it running.)
When the 68000 was announced, it was obviously head-and-shoulders better
than the other clunky 8-bit and 16-bit systems, with a clean 32-bit
architecture and a large address space. It seems like the designers of
the other chips (e.g. the 8088) had never actually worked with real
computers (mainframes and minicomputers) and kept not-learning from
computing history.
Some of my early experience was in APL implementation on the IBM 360
series. I knew the 68000 would be a great APL host, since its
autoincrement addressing was perfect for implementing vector operations.
In the process of designing an APL for it (which was never built), I
wrote up a series of short suggestions to Motorola on how to improve the
design. This was published in Computer Architecture News. For the
68010 they actually did one of the ideas, the "loop mode" that would
detect a 1-instruction backward decrement-and-branch loop, and stop
continually re-fetching the two instructions. This made
memory-to-memory or register-vs-memory instruction loops run at almost
the speed of memory, which was a big improvement for bcopy, bzero,
add-up-a-vector-of-integers, etc.
I'll append a USENET posting about the 68000 patents, followed by my
addendum after visiting the Patent office.
John
From decwrl!decvax!harpo!npoiv!npois!houxm!houxa!houxk!tdl (T.LOVETT) Tue Mar 15 16:55:28 1983
Subject: 68000: 16 bits. With references
Newsgroups: net.micro.68k
With due respect to Henry Spencer I feel that I must correct
some of his statements regarding the 68000. He is correct in
saying that the 68000 is basically 16 bits wide; however,
his explanation of the segmented bus is incorrect.
The datapath of the 68000 is divided into three pieces, each of
which has two busses, address and data, running through it. Six
busses total. There are muxes which can be switched so that all
address busses are connected and all data busses are connected.
The three sections of the datapath are the data section
(includes low 16 bits of all data registers and ALU), the
"low" section (contains the low 16 bits of address registers and
the low half of the Address Adder(AAU)), and the "high" section
(contains high 16 bits of all address and data registers and
the upper half of the AAU).
Theoretically they could do 6 16 bit transfers simultaneously,
but in looking through the microcode I don't remember seeing more
than three transfers at a time. The "low" and "high" sections can
be cascaded to provide a 32 bit arithmetic unit for address
calculations. 32 bit data calculations must be done in two passes through
the ALU.
For the masochists out there, you can learn more than you ever wanted
to know about the 68000 by reading Motorola's patents on it. They are
available for some nominal fee (~ one dollar) from the Office
of Patents and Trademarks in Arlington. The relevant patents are:
1 - #4,307,445 "Microprogrammed Control Apparatus Having a Two
Level Control Store for Data Processor", Tredennick, et al.
First design of 68000 which was scrapped?
2 - #4,296,469 "Execution Unit for Data Processor using Segmented
Bus structure", Gunter, et al.
All about the 16 bit data path
3 - #4,312,034 "ALU and Condition Code Control Unit for Data Processor",
Gunter, et al.
Boring.
4 - #4,325,121 "Two-Level Control Store for Microprogrammed Data Processor",
Gunter et al.
Bonanza! Full of block diagrams and everything you ever wanted
to know. Includes complete listing of microcode with
Tredennick's "hardware flowcharts".
Hope this clears things up.
Tom Lovett BTL Holmdel harpo!houxk!tdl 201-949-0056
My [gnu] notes on additional 68000 patents:
Pat # Appl # Filed date Issued date Inventors
4,338,661 041,201 May 21, 1979 Jul 6, 1982
Tredennick & Gunter
Conditional Branch Unit for Microprogrammed Data Processor
4,342,078 041,202 May 21, 1979 Jul 27, 1982
Tredennick & Gunter
Instruction Register Sequence Decoder for Microprogrammed
Data Processor and Method
4,312,034 041,203 May 21, 1979 Jan 19, 1982
Gunter, Hobbs, Spak, Tredennick
ALU and Condition Code Control Unit for Data Processor
4,325,121 041,135 May 21, 1979 Apr 13, 1982
Gunter, Tredennick
Two-Level Control Store for Microprogrammed Data Processor
Bonanza! Full of block diagrams and everything you ever wanted
to know. Includes complete listing of microcode with
Tredennick's "hardware flowcharts".
4,296,469 961,798 Nov 17, 1978 Oct 20, 1981
Gunter, Tredennick, McAlister
Execution Unit for Data Processor Using Segmented Bus Structure
All about the 16 bit data path
4,348,722 136,845 Apr 3, 1980 Sep 7, 1982
Gunter, Crudele, Zolnowsky, Mothersole
Bus Error Recognition for Microprogrammed Data Processor
4,349,873 136,593 Apr 2, 1980 Sep 14, 1982
Gunter, Zolnowsky, Crudele
Microprocessor Interrupt Processing
4,524,415 447,721 Dec 7, 1982 Jun 18, 1985
Mills, Moyer, MacGregor, Zolnowsky
Virtual Machine Data Processor
68010 changes to 68000
4,348,741 169,558 Jul 17, 1980 Sep 7, 1982
McAlister, Gunter, Spak, Schriber
Priority Encoder
Used to decode the bit masks for MOVEM.
XXXXXXXXX 446,801 Dec 7, 1982
Crudele, Zolnowsky, Moyer, MacGregor
Virtual Memory Data Processor
XXXXXXXXX 447,600 Dec 7, 1982
MacGregor, Moyer, Mills Jr, Zolnowsky
Data Processor Version Validation
About how bus errors store a CPU mask version # to
prevent their being restarted on a different CPU mask
in a multiprocessor system
XXXXXXXXX 961,796 Nov 17, 1978
Tredennick et al
Microprogrammed Control Apparatus for Data Processor
(continued into 4,325,121, probably never issued)
XXXXXXXXX 961,797 Nov 17, 1978
McAlister et al
Multi-port RAM Structure for Data Processor Registers
4,307,445 961,796 Nov 17, 1978
Tredennick, et al
Microprogrammed Control Apparatus Having a Two Level
Control Store for Data Processor
First design of 68000 which was scrapped?
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 29+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2021-02-13 6:05 UTC | newest]
Thread overview: 29+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2021-02-13 4:34 [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode Jason Stevens
2021-02-13 6:05 ` Toby Thain
-- strict thread matches above, loose matches on Subject: below --
2021-02-13 1:06 Jason Stevens
2021-02-13 2:30 ` Gregg Levine
2021-01-29 10:49 [TUHS] AT&T 3B1 - Emulation available Arnold Robbins
2021-02-03 7:53 ` emanuel stiebler
2021-02-03 7:59 ` arnold
2021-02-03 8:53 ` Ed Bradford
2021-02-03 8:58 ` arnold
2021-02-03 10:13 ` Ed Bradford
2021-02-03 14:58 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 0:41 ` [TUHS] 68k prototypes & microcode John Gilmore
2021-02-04 0:52 ` Al Kossow
2021-02-04 1:10 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-04 1:33 ` Larry McVoy
2021-02-04 1:47 ` Al Kossow
2021-02-04 1:57 ` Al Kossow
2021-02-04 7:23 ` Arno Griffioen
2021-02-04 11:28 ` Toby Thain
2021-02-04 15:47 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-04 16:03 ` emanuel stiebler
2021-02-04 21:55 ` Dave Horsfall
2021-02-04 22:11 ` Steve Nickolas
2021-02-04 22:39 ` Adam Thornton
2021-02-04 22:47 ` Henry Bent
2021-02-05 14:42 ` Michael Parson
2021-02-04 22:56 ` Richard Salz
2021-02-04 23:14 ` Steve Nickolas
2021-02-04 1:35 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 2:18 ` Dave Horsfall
2021-02-04 15:53 ` Arthur Krewat
2021-02-05 2:16 ` Dave Horsfall
2021-02-05 2:53 ` Larry McVoy
2021-02-04 1:14 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 1:20 ` Clem Cole
2021-02-04 14:56 ` John Cowan
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