From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on inbox.vuxu.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.8 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_INVALID,DKIM_SIGNED, MAILING_LIST_MULTI,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.4 Received: (qmail 18810 invoked from network); 23 Feb 2021 19:45:45 -0000 Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (45.79.103.53) by inbox.vuxu.org with ESMTPUTF8; 23 Feb 2021 19:45:45 -0000 Received: by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix, from userid 112) id 280369C81E; Wed, 24 Feb 2021 05:45:39 +1000 (AEST) Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A55949C6D0; Wed, 24 Feb 2021 05:45:13 +1000 (AEST) Authentication-Results: minnie.tuhs.org; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=utah.edu header.i=@utah.edu header.b="Mr+CRT6o"; dkim-atps=neutral Received: by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix, from userid 112) id 1680F9C6D0; Wed, 24 Feb 2021 05:45:10 +1000 (AEST) X-Greylist: delayed 429 seconds by postgrey-1.36 at minnie.tuhs.org; Wed, 24 Feb 2021 05:45:08 AEST Received: from ipo11.cc.utah.edu (ipo11.cc.utah.edu [155.97.144.10]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 25C389C6CE for ; Wed, 24 Feb 2021 05:45:08 +1000 (AEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=utah.edu; i=@utah.edu; q=dns/txt; s=UniversityOfUtah; t=1614109508; x=1645645508; h=date:from:to:cc:subject:message-id; bh=+oVBWDyKNkdyohfL/qAqC9fQmSpUueYJnPyALIsCQV0=; b=Mr+CRT6o/faQXRv5TJaDaqwnB3cAaivpTJPaOcFkxtAguycVw4McIm7g 6/AEBhyiwGExCqVrEgkWADGa/YnTXrsZc47K41pZu9zpDuhnlMbHg32DB oeUcMFU9MgDTHSTUuPZh3rJuuNUJd6zdVSwx7cA6fDKN8WvN4IQMF5/ir 834IHEwDWSRRzt5tE9T8jVKf36Tcmw9aU4rgggo6u5SxGbvFL/6z8TPz7 HjB/ep1ajejnZvy6TeQJiVVx9eVGOMKZ2rCdH9W+w1UB/aKsOZHH1coBD DGtRq0p5P5s+CsrXSll1DEPvaeHMnuM8dVpRc8LiFWCHS0WYf2wfHDSsX g==; IronPort-SDR: KqlB6E4RfugdRRx2c2tYNHYYmX/aiDByjHqyJbvhk7l3pKqWYVdixOXxxGoI14FsRVxNAvccCh QJ6WJSL28CL9hpMMrbor6qK5jFKgic+j1bicFkn2dXMkoMvirhJpPRwvB5qMcWjocrP6Svgfd4 VxtJ8IpekSOGeHyHjrAdlHSvN9Q9C1Jq54sWLO4rj+OHXnRalwpHLvt2LJIzNX+RBudmYUmpzr diRFyA/qJMI5mzQBPpFnRBHoIoMBgGE0fpCd+8HZSm8KPCGM/DAr+78mOYlL60k1ILAtn4LkY1 EvM= X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="5.81,200,1610434800"; d="scan'208";a="94834865" Received: from mail.math.utah.edu ([155.101.98.135]) by ipo11smtp.cc.utah.edu with ESMTP/TLS/ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384; 23 Feb 2021 12:37:58 -0700 Received: from gamma.math.utah.edu (gamma.math.utah.edu [155.101.96.20]) by mail.math.utah.edu (8.16.1/8.16.1) with ESMTP id 11NJbvgk001320; Tue, 23 Feb 2021 12:37:57 -0700 (MST) Received: from gamma.math.utah.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by gamma.math.utah.edu (8.15.1/8.15.1) with ESMTP id 11NJbv2d007329; Tue, 23 Feb 2021 12:37:57 -0700 Received: (from beebe@localhost) by gamma.math.utah.edu (8.15.1/8.15.1/Submit) id 11NJbv5h007328; Tue, 23 Feb 2021 12:37:57 -0700 Date: Tue, 23 Feb 2021 12:37:57 -0700 From: "Nelson H. F. Beebe" To: tuhs@tuhs.org X-US-Mail: "Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, University of Utah, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA" X-Telephone: +1 801 581 5254 X-FAX: +1 801 581 4148 X-URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe Message-ID: X-Greylist: Sender IP whitelisted, not delayed by milter-greylist-4.3.8 (mail.math.utah.edu [155.101.98.135]); Tue, 23 Feb 2021 12:37:57 -0700 (MST) Subject: Re: [TUHS] Abstractions X-BeenThere: tuhs@minnie.tuhs.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.26 Precedence: list List-Id: The Unix Heritage Society mailing list List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: tuhs-bounces@minnie.tuhs.org Sender: "TUHS" The recent discussions on the TUHS list of whether /bin and /usr/bin are different, or symlinked, brought to mind the limited disk and tape sizes of the 1970s and 1980s. Especially the lower-cost tape technologies had issues with correct recognition of an end-of-tape condition, making it hard to span a dump across tape volumes, and strongly suggesting that directory tree sizes be limited to what could fit on a single tape. I made an experiment today across a broad range of operating systems (many with multiple versions in our test farm), and produced these two tables, where version numbers are included only if the O/S changed practices: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Systems with /bin a symlink to /usr/bin (or both to yet another common directory) [42 major variants]: ArchLinux Kali RedHat 8 Arco Kubuntu 19, 20 Q4OS Bitrig Lite ScientificLinux 7 CentOS 7, 8 Lubuntu 19 Septor ClearLinux Mabox Solaris 10, 11 Debian 10, 11 Magiea Solydk Deepin Manjaro Sparky DilOS Mint 20 Springdale Dyson MXLinux 19 Ubuntu 19, 20, 21 Fedora Neptune UCS Gnuinos Netrunner Ultimate Gobolinux Oracle Linux Unleashed Hefftor Parrot 4.7 Void IRIX PureOS Xubuntu 19, 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Systems with separate /bin and /usr/bin [60 major variants]: Alpine Hipster OS108 AltLinux KaOS Ovios Antix KFreeBSD PacBSD Bitrig Kubuntu 18 Parrot 4.5 Bodhi LibertyBSD PCBSD CentOS 5, 6 LMDE PCLinuxOS ClonOS Lubuntu 17 Peppermint Debian 7--10 LXLE Salix DesktopBSD macOS ScientificLinux 6 Devuan MidnightBSD SlackEX DragonFlyBSD Mint 18--20 Slackware ElementaryOS MirBSD Solus FreeBSD 9--13 MXLinux 17, 18 T2 FuryBSD NetBSD 6-1010 Trident Gecko NomadBSD Trisquel Gentoo OmniOS TrueOS GhostBSD OmniTribblix Ubuntu 14--18 GNU/Hurd OpenBSD Xubuntu 18 HardenedBSD OpenMandriva Zenwalk Helium openSUSE Zorinos ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Some names appear in both tables, indicating a transition from separate directories to symlinked directories in more recent O/S releases. Many of these system names are spelled in mixed lettercase, and if I've botched some of them, I extend my apologies to their authors. Some of those systems run on multiple CPU architectures, and our test farm exploits that; however, I found no instance of the CPU type changing the separation or symbolic linking of /bin and /usr/bin. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Nelson H. F. Beebe Tel: +1 801 581 5254 - - University of Utah FAX: +1 801 581 4148 - - Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB Internet e-mail: beebe@math.utah.edu - - 155 S 1400 E RM 233 beebe@acm.org beebe@computer.org - - Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------