From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.2 (2018-09-13) on inbox.vuxu.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.8 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_INVALID,DKIM_SIGNED, MAILING_LIST_MULTI,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.2 Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (minnie.tuhs.org [45.79.103.53]) by inbox.vuxu.org (OpenSMTPD) with ESMTP id 0009b25f for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2019 01:52:39 +0000 (UTC) Received: by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix, from userid 112) id DC6699BBD4; Fri, 9 Aug 2019 11:52:37 +1000 (AEST) Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B9159BA8B; Fri, 9 Aug 2019 11:52:20 +1000 (AEST) Authentication-Results: minnie.tuhs.org; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (1024-bit key; secure) header.d=tnetconsulting.net header.i=@tnetconsulting.net header.b="CF8ol7sE"; dkim-atps=neutral Received: by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix, from userid 112) id F13DC9BA8B; Fri, 9 Aug 2019 11:52:18 +1000 (AEST) Received: from tncsrv06.tnetconsulting.net (tncsrv06.tnetconsulting.net [45.33.28.24]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 5D2DD9BA7E for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2019 11:52:18 +1000 (AEST) Received: from Contact-TNet-Consulting-Abuse-for-assistance by tncsrv06.tnetconsulting.net (8.15.2/8.15.2/Debian-3) with ESMTPSA id x791qFHo021958 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2019 20:52:17 -0500 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=tnetconsulting.net; s=2019; t=1565315538; bh=XElDhLgEK/TERSremfaidQlsGxOlLrWme28ZYBvFEsI=; h=Subject:To:References:From:Message-ID:Date:User-Agent: MIME-Version:In-Reply-To:Content-Type:Cc:Content-Disposition: Content-Language:Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-Type:Date:From: In-Reply-To:Message-ID:MIME-Version:References:Reply-To: Resent-Date:Resent-From:Resent-To:Resent-Cc:Sender:Subject:To: User-Agent; b=CF8ol7sEi/GS54eNv4+iLXh2/jNwwTJ95u+lgGOdZN5i/7mGh8KNNM8CNpiLMz6mM 84Q8A61zCd768b3T0GdYLU9P5cIu55JcuE7j4OgGIpERg7DTjB+8NY2vPv/r3qVRNQ rwmBDhAOAAfqWGj1gWeqS/vqyOA9lJbh59va8InA= To: tuhs@minnie.tuhs.org References: <7236c9d4-40af-bc49-8aee-5c32d869d2eb@spamtrap.tnetconsulting.net> <20190808133124.GA3340@mit.edu> Organization: TNet Consulting Message-ID: Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2019 19:52:04 -0600 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/60.7.2 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20190808133124.GA3340@mit.edu> Content-Type: multipart/signed; protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"; micalg=sha-256; boundary="------------ms020702040301050106020601" Subject: Re: [TUHS] Pre-init initialization X-BeenThere: tuhs@minnie.tuhs.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.26 Precedence: list List-Id: The Unix Heritage Society mailing list List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , From: Grant Taylor via TUHS Reply-To: Grant Taylor Errors-To: tuhs-bounces@minnie.tuhs.org Sender: "TUHS" This is a cryptographically signed message in MIME format. --------------ms020702040301050106020601 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On 8/8/19 7:31 AM, Theodore Y. Ts'o wrote: > I implemented loading the root file system as a ramdisk from a=20 > floppy in 1991 for Linux. Impressive. > This predates the publication of 386BSD, and I wasn't aware of how=20 > commercial Unix systems did their initial installation and setup.=20 > So as far as I know I came up on it on my own, but none of this was=20 > especially earthshaking or subtle. That logic makes sense to me. > Linux's ramdisk was implemented because most PC's of the day (I was=20 > using a 40 MHz 386 with only a megabyte of memory) only had a single=20 > floppy drive (and if they had a second it was a 5.25" drive). So the=20 > very first implementation which I did assumed the kernel would be no=20 > larger than 512k, and looked for Minix file system signature at 512k.=20 > If it existed, it would load it into the ramdisk and use that as the=20 > boot region. That's before my time. If I remember correctly, by the time I was=20 creating boot+root disks it was the kernel plus something=E2=80=94I don't= =20 remember if it was an initramfs or an initrd=E2=80=94concatenated togethe= r. I=20 also remember having to use a utility to update the kernel to tell it=20 where the something started. Which was really based on how big the=20 kernel was as padding before the something started. That was probably=20 2. on Slackware in '99. > Before that, the kernel was loaded from the first floppy, and then=20 > kernel would prompt the user to eject the boot disk and insert the=20 > root disk, and hit any key to continue, and then it would mount the=20 > root disk. I remember doing that. But perhaps it was for a different reason. > But then the only floppy drive would be tied up with the root file=20 > system, so that meant there needed to be a second kernel on the root=20 > floppy, and everything else needed to set up the root image would=20 > have to be copied to the hard disk, and then you'd have to reboot=20 > to release the floppy drive so you could install other programs that=20 > couldn't fit on that initial 1.44MB root floppy. >=20 > For people who are interested in the history of initrd used as part=20 > of the boot process in Linux, please refer to Werner Almesberger's=20 > 2000 paper, "Booting Linux: The History and the Future"[1], presented=20 > at the Ottawa Linux Symposium. >=20 > [1] http://www.almesberger.net/cv/papers/ols2k-9.ps.gz I will definitely check that out. Thank you for the link. > Cheers, :-) --=20 Grant. . . . unix || die --------------ms020702040301050106020601 Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature; name="smime.p7s" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="smime.p7s" Content-Description: S/MIME Cryptographic Signature MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExDzANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFADCABgkqhkiG9w0BBwEAAKCC Cy4wggVAMIIEKKADAgECAhEA01fiRe1k2R6LEQCcImIMYTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADCBlzEL MAkGA1UEBhMCR0IxGzAZBgNVBAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4GA1UEBxMHU2Fs Zm9yZDEaMBgGA1UEChMRQ09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQxPTA7BgNVBAMTNENPTU9ETyBSU0Eg Q2xpZW50IEF1dGhlbnRpY2F0aW9uIGFuZCBTZWN1cmUgRW1haWwgQ0EwHhcNMTgxMTE4MDAw MDAwWhcNMTkxMTE4MjM1OTU5WjArMSkwJwYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFhpndGF5bG9yQHRuZXRjb25z dWx0aW5nLm5ldDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBANgOhvncDgc4KAlD +pyhFpw6wCfeERlSOAXowjdTjlOR2zcIgzL0TM9A+hkSv2wsVh6fn6VvHGxKrLemReiGd7fQ 15Y9J/pxKOmShkw9DDtFsa18ozydp95X2IuzY8Z2JukxouqrfpSH4fOrrHLkOgvlFG4xaQHW 0KB8xUP5DFWyyZM5QCdq278GSJ5pUd+B6qmzwHESNF6syyvgLppXkFatLTz8pWf6eEngDA0Y 3fQ3Q2gnbgpryRhVQMa1GjQJ7LDroUGQhX2zBWePW+sShiTwo8jADYKsbgSGtvZ/42A8zxyg s9YZMHQoCeeuLNuX/MBp9rCTl5nlzP3jGWQTC5ECAwEAAaOCAfAwggHsMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaA FIKvbIz4xf6WYXzoHz0rcUhexIvAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBQg2PeEKxHWd4FaHe0T+gqAOWkC1jAO BgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAgBgNVHSUEGTAXBggrBgEFBQcDBAYLKwYB BAGyMQEDBQIwEQYJYIZIAYb4QgEBBAQDAgUgMEYGA1UdIAQ/MD0wOwYMKwYBBAGyMQECAQEB MCswKQYIKwYBBQUHAgEWHWh0dHBzOi8vc2VjdXJlLmNvbW9kby5uZXQvQ1BTMFoGA1UdHwRT MFEwT6BNoEuGSWh0dHA6Ly9jcmwuY29tb2RvY2EuY29tL0NPTU9ET1JTQUNsaWVudEF1dGhl bnRpY2F0aW9uYW5kU2VjdXJlRW1haWxDQS5jcmwwgYsGCCsGAQUFBwEBBH8wfTBVBggrBgEF BQcwAoZJaHR0cDovL2NydC5jb21vZG9jYS5jb20vQ09NT0RPUlNBQ2xpZW50QXV0aGVudGlj YXRpb25hbmRTZWN1cmVFbWFpbENBLmNydDAkBggrBgEFBQcwAYYYaHR0cDovL29jc3AuY29t b2RvY2EuY29tMCUGA1UdEQQeMByBGmd0YXlsb3JAdG5ldGNvbnN1bHRpbmcubmV0MA0GCSqG SIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQCPxlHHG57PA5GUYlQuC8VHB7TcMQeEJKnB/S+bamyrck4vpIEaF9rG EM+OnAQsJzSkSVHD2707jxh1ng0jrsH2+F9qNGTpCksXo0fMqm4tf28Ag092+CZ5sfdjVZ4E ELG4xNhFZF9/aFaAY7RIeJ89Vvn6s6BnKsaAPjVB/sO+5gIm0BIeoVauq71ue6jS7o2Jn94o BuAhjuh34gk/Wxzcku96MLmEwCY63GWWKVRYbqrDhqROmnQPdyrDYrU8uD0vb4SAdpSKfRqO DrerlQgX3euyYqcnVJSA8Ec+NdiJrGKXW76C7DrTi7IxDgjIHL+DPyFgtj+p6wYOEkYJwKtp MIIF5jCCA86gAwIBAgIQapvhODv/K2ufAdXZuKdSVjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADCBhTELMAkG A1UEBhMCR0IxGzAZBgNVBAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4GA1UEBxMHU2FsZm9y ZDEaMBgGA1UEChMRQ09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQxKzApBgNVBAMTIkNPTU9ETyBSU0EgQ2Vy dGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkwHhcNMTMwMTEwMDAwMDAwWhcNMjgwMTA5MjM1OTU5WjCB lzELMAkGA1UEBhMCR0IxGzAZBgNVBAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4GA1UEBxMH U2FsZm9yZDEaMBgGA1UEChMRQ09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQxPTA7BgNVBAMTNENPTU9ETyBS U0EgQ2xpZW50IEF1dGhlbnRpY2F0aW9uIGFuZCBTZWN1cmUgRW1haWwgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqG SIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQC+s55XrCh2dUAWxzgDmNPGGHYhUPMleQtMtaDRfTpY PpynMS6n9jR22YRq2tA9NEjk6vW7rN/5sYFLIP1of3l0NKZ6fLWfF2VgJ5cijKYy/qlAckY1 wgOkUMgzKlWlVJGyK+UlNEQ1/5ErCsHq9x9aU/x1KwTdF/LCrT03Rl/FwFrf1XTCwa2QZYL5 5AqLPikFlgqOtzk06kb2qvGlnHJvijjI03BOrNpo+kZGpcHsgyO1/u1OZTaOo8wvEU17VVeP 1cHWse9tGKTDyUGg2hJZjrqck39UIm/nKbpDSZ0JsMoIw/JtOOg0JC56VzQgBo7ictReTQE5 LFLG3yQK+xS1AgMBAAGjggE8MIIBODAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBS7r34CPfqm8TyEjq3uOJjs2TIy 1DAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUgq9sjPjF/pZhfOgfPStxSF7Ei8AwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgGGMBIGA1Ud EwEB/wQIMAYBAf8CAQAwEQYDVR0gBAowCDAGBgRVHSAAMEwGA1UdHwRFMEMwQaA/oD2GO2h0 dHA6Ly9jcmwuY29tb2RvY2EuY29tL0NPTU9ET1JTQUNlcnRpZmljYXRpb25BdXRob3JpdHku Y3JsMHEGCCsGAQUFBwEBBGUwYzA7BggrBgEFBQcwAoYvaHR0cDovL2NydC5jb21vZG9jYS5j b20vQ09NT0RPUlNBQWRkVHJ1c3RDQS5jcnQwJAYIKwYBBQUHMAGGGGh0dHA6Ly9vY3NwLmNv bW9kb2NhLmNvbTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFAAOCAgEAeFyygSg0TzzuX1bOn5dW7I+iaxf28/ZJ CAbU2C81zd9A/tNx4+jsQgwRGiHjZrAYayZrrm78hOx7aEpkfNPQIHGG6Fvq3EzWf/Lvx7/h k6zSPwIal9v5IkDcZoFD7f3iT7PdkHJY9B51csvU50rxpEg1OyOT8fk2zvvPBuM4qQNqbGWl nhMpIMwpWZT89RY0wpJO+2V6eXEGGHsROs3njeP9DqqqAJaBa4wBeKOdGCWn1/Jp2oY6dyNm NppI4ZNMUH4Tam85S1j6E95u4+1Nuru84OrMIzqvISE2HN/56ebTOWlcrurffade2022O/tU U1gb4jfWCcyvB8czm12FgX/y/lRjmDbEA08QJNB2729Y+io1IYO3ztveBdvUCIYZojTq/OCR 6MvnzS6X72HP0PRLRTiOSEmIDsS5N5w/8IW1Hva5hEFy6fDAfd9yI+O+IMMAj1KcL/Zo9jzJ 16HO5m60ttl1Enk8MQkz/W3JlHaeI5iKFn4UJu1/cP2YHXYPiWf2JyBzsLBrGk1II+3yL8ao rYew6CQvdVifC3HtwlSam9V1niiCfOBe2C12TdKGu05LWIA3ZkFcWJGaNXOZ6Ggyh/TqvXG5 v7zmEVDNXFnHn9tFpMpOUvxhcsjycBtH0dZ0WrNw6gH+HF8TIhCnH3+zzWuDN0Rk6h9KVkfK ehIxggQ4MIIENAIBATCBrTCBlzELMAkGA1UEBhMCR0IxGzAZBgNVBAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFu Y2hlc3RlcjEQMA4GA1UEBxMHU2FsZm9yZDEaMBgGA1UEChMRQ09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQx PTA7BgNVBAMTNENPTU9ETyBSU0EgQ2xpZW50IEF1dGhlbnRpY2F0aW9uIGFuZCBTZWN1cmUg RW1haWwgQ0ECEQDTV+JF7WTZHosRAJwiYgxhMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQCAQUAoIICWzAYBgkqhkiG 9w0BCQMxCwYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCSqGSIb3DQEJBTEPFw0xOTA4MDkwMTUyMDRaMC8GCSqG SIb3DQEJBDEiBCAiO4UNEbKn6w+HCTSpf+83DEX783J4WWDiBwUxmBGb7DBsBgkqhkiG9w0B CQ8xXzBdMAsGCWCGSAFlAwQBKjALBglghkgBZQMEAQIwCgYIKoZIhvcNAwcwDgYIKoZIhvcN AwICAgCAMA0GCCqGSIb3DQMCAgFAMAcGBSsOAwIHMA0GCCqGSIb3DQMCAgEoMIG+BgkrBgEE AYI3EAQxgbAwga0wgZcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkdCMRswGQYDVQQIExJHcmVhdGVyIE1hbmNoZXN0 ZXIxEDAOBgNVBAcTB1NhbGZvcmQxGjAYBgNVBAoTEUNPTU9ETyBDQSBMaW1pdGVkMT0wOwYD VQQDEzRDT01PRE8gUlNBIENsaWVudCBBdXRoZW50aWNhdGlvbiBhbmQgU2VjdXJlIEVtYWls IENBAhEA01fiRe1k2R6LEQCcImIMYTCBwAYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAgsxgbCgga0wgZcxCzAJBgNV BAYTAkdCMRswGQYDVQQIExJHcmVhdGVyIE1hbmNoZXN0ZXIxEDAOBgNVBAcTB1NhbGZvcmQx GjAYBgNVBAoTEUNPTU9ETyBDQSBMaW1pdGVkMT0wOwYDVQQDEzRDT01PRE8gUlNBIENsaWVu dCBBdXRoZW50aWNhdGlvbiBhbmQgU2VjdXJlIEVtYWlsIENBAhEA01fiRe1k2R6LEQCcImIM YTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAQDN7CT9nBHSKz3Lhow7QHtWwGMYKHZqC2DgMlZS/1IRSoG+ 39a+bTgo+lfRkLgWdNCVWW1ckSnI9l/5rHWDeKnY45Zmn6V8jFxYpsVf2jQFExKTD2/PNMft FAWxAjXXW/uFZJXOjYyy0l/Uu7v3nrGtQioaDaHHVCEr81GHdkPDjbV+dF2n6RyRlVriZluI gfY2OERc85U9fMFAUrrOMLfLLq1aYZYGV5AvoqXbBgnTmx8xWDWkH6+l6KtoNFxr9aXkT83Z ZuPDAiUtHoVePk8TwpAiAdQL9lttLbY1mJr7kGlNNgHPQAei8Qe4YVYXszQk6siqiyXHHWOw 6uaIPUL2AAAAAAAA --------------ms020702040301050106020601--