From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on inbox.vuxu.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.1 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID, DKIM_VALID_AU,MAILING_LIST_MULTI,T_SCC_BODY_TEXT_LINE autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.4 Received: (qmail 12168 invoked from network); 15 May 2023 04:28:16 -0000 Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (50.116.15.146) by inbox.vuxu.org with ESMTPUTF8; 15 May 2023 04:28:16 -0000 Received: from minnie.tuhs.org (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E7DA941489; Mon, 15 May 2023 14:28:09 +1000 (AEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=tuhs.org; s=dkim; t=1684124890; h=from:from:reply-to:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date: message-id:message-id:to:to:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding:list-id:list-help: list-owner:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe:list-post; bh=DMHLB+dYVUd9Uzl59gNjWZRvCcmg8LEZHBP78IHIyeU=; b=dI32MUQJcCIr+aDOXuC6gYYFpxu5nSpXZLTStbZFa1Ob6ypHgAEDYOh49amrMcbSsTwjpQ bOwfZDj9RXlAxbFWUWslULMK9nP/ObKp0lvdqYKZl1qK28KmnIPSVjiaJ/33ipWPqtufRi U5VKkbWZVZP4885jHHYrRuYpLoo6El8= Received: from mail-40135.protonmail.ch (mail-40135.protonmail.ch [185.70.40.135]) by minnie.tuhs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B75FF41482 for ; Mon, 15 May 2023 14:27:57 +1000 (AEST) Date: Mon, 15 May 2023 04:27:42 +0000 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=protonmail.com; s=protonmail3; t=1684124874; x=1684384074; bh=DMHLB+dYVUd9Uzl59gNjWZRvCcmg8LEZHBP78IHIyeU=; h=Date:To:From:Subject:Message-ID:Feedback-ID:From:To:Cc:Date: Subject:Reply-To:Feedback-ID:Message-ID:BIMI-Selector; b=vMONrQyA9R6V8NHr9lHXljQdC/hD8oCeRSfVidP4V3WPNmLyF395ZjVF4obQAU2+M zQc1ulJpslUGHomm1BhO+JNj2UJ4+tO1HY0hadDpe6PTD7aZLx0RJ6p614X1bO5bMz 0TTWmuqJgpPQVtpU7H1eKBzIee2SKRpLULggrKsWHiM8Y2AmsE9WzfikLT6vNq4s1x gJK88DkhQ6prs7v+awlKaImciVUiXiEaA98GkJEaijJFHF0Jctb4SvXBYN2cLiqGEH YyZROHP1ilvPWB50iewOnb7sGZuHlDjmGm5dFAIZ20R0ELwS6qC95Wi3aq7wl1Wdj8 sXLobRv1hQ1Wg== To: The Eunuchs Hysterical Society Message-ID: Feedback-ID: 35591162:user:proton MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-ID-Hash: ODABUNT3DRS7YKS4U77RE2G2ARC6FX6C X-Message-ID-Hash: ODABUNT3DRS7YKS4U77RE2G2ARC6FX6C X-MailFrom: segaloco@protonmail.com X-Mailman-Rule-Misses: dmarc-mitigation; no-senders; approved; emergency; loop; banned-address; member-moderation; nonmember-moderation; administrivia; implicit-dest; max-recipients; max-size; news-moderation; no-subject; digests; suspicious-header X-Mailman-Version: 3.3.6b1 Precedence: list Subject: [TUHS] A Census of /etc and /sys Prior to V4 List-Id: The Unix Heritage Society mailing list Archived-At: List-Archive: List-Help: List-Owner: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: From: segaloco via TUHS Reply-To: segaloco I've just completed the Fourth Edition pass of commits in my manual history= repository here: https://gitlab.com/segaloco/mandiff Something I've kept a particular eye on is what the landscape looked like o= n the filesystems over the early years of development. Here are some of th= ose observations with a few areas perhaps requiring further illumination: In the first two editions, there was a file, /etc/uids, which mapped simply= a username to a uid. The reason was presumably due to the plaintext passw= ords in /etc/passwd at the time. The arrival of crypt(III) and related fun= ctionality rendered this moot by the time of V3. Additional GECOS informat= ion is first spotted in /etc/ident in V2 but by V3 has also found home in /= etc/passwd in the GECOS field today used often for a user's full name. The= s1-bits source codes refer to /etc/passwd where disassembled s2-bits binar= ies refer to /etc/uids still, dating both sets of code. References to /etc/motd first appear in the V2 manual from what I could fin= d, so that may not have been around in V1. Additionally, after V1 many fil= es are moved from /etc to locations under /usr such as ascii and kbd moving= to /usr/pub and roff's suftab moving to /usr/lib. It seems in the First E= dition, manual section VII mapped to /etc itself it seems, with etc and mis= c in the manual being synonymous. So all in all it seems, in terms of support files anyhow, /etc wound up sma= ller by the advent of the C system, at which point init beings using /etc/r= c and the directory begins to expand again. Another directory of interest is /sys for a few reasons. First, this direc= tory serves different purposes depending on your kernel these days, with BS= D systems storing system source code here whereas Linux provides a kernel i= nterface filesystem. I'm not sure what other contemporary systems may use = this for, but from V3 and back, this was another RK disk mounted in additio= n to /usr. This /sys directory appeared to contain the manuals, source cod= e to system components including the commands, kernel, bootloader, and lang= uages, and a copy of the kernel image referenced down in the source tree. In total I've identified the following directories: c, fort, lang, man, mde= c, source, sys. Most names should be obvious from later releases, with lan= g being a parent directory that contained bdir and mdir B and m6 languages = respectively. My guess is that when RP support was made workable in V4, th= ere was no longer a need to segregate data amongst RKs like this so /sys wa= s merged into /usr, leading to the later structure we see in V4-V6. Of not= e, this structure is implied in CB-UNIX still in the path names of the sour= ce code available on the archive. The kernel is found at /tsys/sys/ much l= ike the kernel in V1-V3 living at /sys/sys. One thing I haven't been able to glean in the process is precisely how the = command and library source code was stored in these very early versions. T= he kernel in T.R. Bashkow's analysis is implied to be stored in files u[0-9= x].s, and command source files at least exist somewhere as the command foll= owed by .s. As of V5, the command, syscall wrapper, and library source cod= es are split up amongst a number of directories with names such as s1, s2, = s3, etc. under source. By V7, this has taken on the cmd/lib/sys structure = of later releases. Finally, just a general curiosity the version study involved has raised. G= iven the movement of UNIX to the 11/45 and then to C, does the Third Editio= n represent a version of UNIX for the 11/45 with protection but written in = assembly, not C? I've seen one handwritten document that makes mention of = some of this, but is there any other information such as documents, code, e= tc. concerning the 11/45 assembly version? Was work completed on the 11/45= kernel changes in the context of this version and then simply "ported" to = the C version or were there concepts that were cropping up in one or the ot= her and varying amounts of transportation back and forth as 11/45 and C asp= ects were implemented? As always, thanks for keeping up, hopefully I can get this repository up to= V6 soon, then the real branching fun begins. The V3 to V4 changes are hop= efully the last time the commit diffs have major noise, what with the conve= rsion from roff to nroff. I suspect transitions to macro packages later wo= n't be as bad. - Matt G.