There's a merged pull request on the void-packages repository

sagemath: update to 10.0.
https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/pull/43659

Description:
<!-- Uncomment relevant sections and delete options which are not applicable -->

This builds on top of #43225 for convenience.

#### Testing the changes
- I tested the changes in this PR: **briefly**

I've been following beta releases and now rc0 includes all of our patches :muscle:

All doctests pass with the version of packages in void except for `python-Babel` which must be updated (as in #43497) and is included  here as part of #43225.

I've switched my system sagemath to this version as everything seems to be working ok. The testsuite is 10-15% faster.

@dkwo: enjoy.

<!--
#### New package
- This new package conforms to the [package requirements](https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#package-requirements): **YES**|**NO**
-->

<!-- Note: If the build is likely to take more than 2 hours, please add ci skip tag as described in
https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#continuous-integration
and test at least one native build and, if supported, at least one cross build.
Ignore this section if this PR is not skipping CI.
-->
<!--
#### Local build testing
- I built this PR locally for my native architecture, (ARCH-LIBC)
- I built this PR locally for these architectures (if supported. mark crossbuilds):
  - aarch64-musl
  - armv7l
  - armv6l-musl
-->