Linux: How do you power off this machine?

[Anita Goyal <anitag...@gmail.com>]

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*Master the concepts of Red Hat System and Red hat Manager (RPM) by 
learning Linux Administration for Red Hat.*

<https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ziepWB_HhGQ/Vr9wETYpN_I/AAAAAAAAAPI/8_50Y43JGsk/s1600/linux-admin-training.jpeg>

*What is Linux <https://goo.gl/wGZ5Qv>*?

Just like Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Mac OS X, Linux is an 
operating system. An operating system is software that manages all of the 
hardware resources associated with your desktop or laptop. To put it simply 
– the operating system manages the communication between your software and 
your hardware. Without the operating system (often referred to as the 
“OS”), the software wouldn’t function.

The OS is comprised of a number of pieces: 

    The Bootloader: The software that manages the boot process of your 
computer. For most users, this will simply be a splash screen that pops up 
and eventually goes away to boot into the operating system.

    The kernel: This is the one piece of the whole that is actually called 
“Linux”. The kernel is the core of the system and manages the CPU, memory, 
and peripheral devices. The kernel is the “lowest” level of the OS.

    Daemons: These are background services (printing, sound, scheduling, 
etc) that either start up during boot, or after you log into the desktop.

    The Shell: You’ve probably heard mention of the Linux command line. 
This is the shell – a command process that allows you to control the 
computer via commands typed into a text interface. This is what, at one 
time, scared people away from Linux the most (assuming they had to learn a 
seemingly archaic command line structure to make Linux work). This is no 
longer the case. With modern desktop Linux, there is no need to ever touch 
the command line.

    Graphical Server: This is the sub-system that displays the graphics on 
your monitor. It is commonly referred to as the X server or just “X”.

    Desktop Environment: This is the piece of the puzzle that the users 
actually interact with. There are many desktop environments to choose from 
(Unity, GNOME, Cinnamon, Enlightenment, KDE, XFCE, etc). Each desktop 
environment includes built-in applications (such as file managers, 
configuration tools, web browsers, games, etc).

    Applications: Desktop environments do not offer the full array of apps. 
Just like Windows and Mac, Linux <https://goo.gl/wGZ5Qv>offers thousands 
upon thousands of high-quality software titles that can be easily found and 
installed. Most modern Linux distributions (more on this in a moment) 
include App Store-like tools that centralize and simplify application 
installation. For example: Ubuntu Linux has the Ubuntu Software Center 
(Figure 1) which allows you to quickly search among the thousands of apps 
and install them from one centralized location. 

Start learning Linux Programming <https://goo.gl/wGZ5Qv> from basics to 
advance levels here...

> https://goo.gl/wGZ5Qv


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