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Date: Thu, 2 Jan 2014 21:01:47 +0000
From: Peter Stephenson <p.w.stephenson@ntlworld.com>
To: zsh-users@zsh.org
Subject: Re: difference between ~ & ^ negation
Message-ID: <20140102210147.0eca0601@pws-pc.ntlworld.com>
In-Reply-To: <140101134459.ZM8931@torch.brasslantern.com>
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	<140101134459.ZM8931@torch.brasslantern.com>
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On Wed, 01 Jan 2014 13:44:59 -0800
Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com> wrote:
> Important note: ^ is special only in cases where / is special (globs).

That's not true...

setopt extendedglob
[[ foo = ^foo ]] || print foo actually is foo
[[ bar = ^foo ]] && print but bar is not foo

"^" is still special here; the difference is that if a "/" appeared
after it *that* wouldn't be special in this context, i.e. the effect of
the "^" would extend to the end of the context (next closing parenthesis
or end of string).  However, that's the normal behaviour of operators
--- only ~ extends over "/"s in file context.  As the FAQ says,

  Note that `~' is the only globbing operator to have a lower
  precedence than `/'.  For example, `**/foo~*bar*' matches any
  file in a subdirectory called `foo', except where `bar'
  occurred somewhere in the path (e.g. `users/barstaff/foo' will
  be excluded by the `~' operator).  As the `**' operator cannot
  be grouped (inside parentheses it is treated as `*'), this is
  one way to exclude some subdirectories from matching a `**'.
  The form (^foo/)# also works.

pws