joining array elements

joining array elements

[Wataru Kagawa]

Hi all,

I am trying to join array elements together using a string separator  
containing square brackets.  For example, if I have,

usernames=( Bob Sara Tim )

I would like,

Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim

as an output (without the backslashes in front of the square  
brackets).  I started out with,

echo ${(j:\[return\]:)usernames}

and added extra backslashes, but that did not work for me.  Help is  
greatly appreciated.

Wataru Kagawa

Re: joining array elements

[Bart Schaefer]

On Jan 12, 10:22am, Wataru Kagawa wrote:
}
} Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim
} 
} as an output (without the backslashes in front of the square  
} brackets).  I started out with,
} 
} echo ${(j:\[return\]:)usernames}
} 
} and added extra backslashes, but that did not work for me.  Help is  
} greatly appreciated.

Did you try *removing* the backslashes?  This works fine for me:

echo ${(j:[return]:)usernames}

Also keep in mind that "echo" might be doing some conversions of its
own if you have anything unusual in $usernames -- you might be better
off with e.g.

print -R -- ${(j:[return]:)usernames}

Re: joining array elements

[Wataru Kagawa]

Hi Bart,

When I removed the backslashes, I have no output.  Could this problem  
be related to the Zsh options I have set in my environment?  I have  
the following options set (or unset).

	setopt                         \
			auto_pushd             \
		 NO_beep                   \
			brace_ccl              \
		 NO_cdable_vars            \
		 NO_clobber                \
			complete_in_word       \
			correct_all            \
			extended_glob          \
			glob_complete          \
			glob_subst             \
			hist_allow_clobber     \
			hist_reduce_blanks     \
		 NO_hup                    \
			ignore_eof             \
			interactive_comments   \
		 NO_list_ambiguous         \
			local_options          \
			local_traps            \
			long_list_jobs         \
			magic_equal_subst      \
			null_glob              \
			path_dirs              \
			posix_builtins         \
			print_eight_bit        \
			pushd_ignore_dups      \
			pushd_minus            \
			pushd_to_home          \
			rc_expand_param        \
		 NO_sh_in_stdin            \
			share_history          \


I appreciate your help very much.

Wataru Kagawa


On 2006/01/12, at 10:41, Bart Schaefer wrote:

> On Jan 12, 10:22am, Wataru Kagawa wrote:
> }
> } Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim
> }
> } as an output (without the backslashes in front of the square
> } brackets).  I started out with,
> }
> } echo ${(j:\[return\]:)usernames}
> }
> } and added extra backslashes, but that did not work for me.  Help is
> } greatly appreciated.
>
> Did you try *removing* the backslashes?  This works fine for me:
>
> echo ${(j:[return]:)usernames}
>
> Also keep in mind that "echo" might be doing some conversions of its
> own if you have anything unusual in $usernames -- you might be better
> off with e.g.
>
> print -R -- ${(j:[return]:)usernames}

Re: joining array elements

[Wataru Kagawa]

I noticed that to get the joining to work, I have to unset the  
'globsubst' option.

Wataru Kagawa


On 2006/01/12, at 10:59, Wataru Kagawa wrote:

> Hi Bart,
>
> When I removed the backslashes, I have no output.  Could this  
> problem be related to the Zsh options I have set in my  
> environment?  I have the following options set (or unset).
>
> 	setopt                         \
> 			auto_pushd             \
> 		 NO_beep                   \
> 			brace_ccl              \
> 		 NO_cdable_vars            \
> 		 NO_clobber                \
> 			complete_in_word       \
> 			correct_all            \
> 			extended_glob          \
> 			glob_complete          \
> 			glob_subst             \
> 			hist_allow_clobber     \
> 			hist_reduce_blanks     \
> 		 NO_hup                    \
> 			ignore_eof             \
> 			interactive_comments   \
> 		 NO_list_ambiguous         \
> 			local_options          \
> 			local_traps            \
> 			long_list_jobs         \
> 			magic_equal_subst      \
> 			null_glob              \
> 			path_dirs              \
> 			posix_builtins         \
> 			print_eight_bit        \
> 			pushd_ignore_dups      \
> 			pushd_minus            \
> 			pushd_to_home          \
> 			rc_expand_param        \
> 		 NO_sh_in_stdin            \
> 			share_history          \
>
>
> I appreciate your help very much.
>
> Wataru Kagawa
>
>
> On 2006/01/12, at 10:41, Bart Schaefer wrote:
>
>> On Jan 12, 10:22am, Wataru Kagawa wrote:
>> }
>> } Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim
>> }
>> } as an output (without the backslashes in front of the square
>> } brackets).  I started out with,
>> }
>> } echo ${(j:\[return\]:)usernames}
>> }
>> } and added extra backslashes, but that did not work for me.  Help is
>> } greatly appreciated.
>>
>> Did you try *removing* the backslashes?  This works fine for me:
>>
>> echo ${(j:[return]:)usernames}
>>
>> Also keep in mind that "echo" might be doing some conversions of its
>> own if you have anything unusual in $usernames -- you might be better
>> off with e.g.
>>
>> print -R -- ${(j:[return]:)usernames}
>

Re: joining array elements

[Peter Stephenson]

Wataru Kagawa wrote:
> I noticed that to get the joining to work, I have to unset the  
> 'globsubst' option.

You can use
  ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames}
to get that effect.

-- 
Peter Stephenson <pws@csr.com>                  Software Engineer
CSR PLC, Churchill House, Cambridge Business Park, Cowley Road
Cambridge, CB4 0WZ, UK                          Tel: +44 (0)1223 692070


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Re: joining array elements

[Wataru Kagawa]

Hi Peter,

Thank you for the tip.  I would like to place the expansion into a  
variable, however, I am having a trouble.

% usernames=( Bob Sara Tim )
% print -R ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames}
Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim

However,

% foo=$( printf '%s\n' David Matt ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames} )
% echo $foo

I appreciate any suggestions.

Wataru Kagawa


On 2006/01/12, at 18:10, Peter Stephenson wrote:

> Wataru Kagawa wrote:
>> I noticed that to get the joining to work, I have to unset the
>> 'globsubst' option.
>
> You can use
>   ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames}
> to get that effect.
>
> -- 
> Peter Stephenson <pws@csr.com>                  Software Engineer
> CSR PLC, Churchill House, Cambridge Business Park, Cowley Road
> Cambridge, CB4 0WZ, UK                          Tel: +44 (0)1223  
> 692070
>
>
> Your mail client is unable to display the latest news from CSR. To  
> access our news copy this link into a web browser:  http:// 
> www.csr.com/email_sig.html

Re: joining array elements

[Peter Stephenson]

Wataru Kagawa wrote:
> Hi Peter,
> 
> Thank you for the tip.  I would like to place the expansion into a  
> variable, however, I am having a trouble.
> 
> % usernames=( Bob Sara Tim )
> % print -R ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames}
> Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim
> 
> However,
> 
> % foo=$( printf '%s\n' David Matt ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames} )
> % echo $foo

What effect are you trying to achieve?  The command you show does
exactly what I expect it to.  Do you mean you want David and Matt added
in the same way and the result put in foo?

usernames2=(David Matt $usernames)
foo=${(j:[return]:)~~usernames2}

Or do you mean you want the same effect as you get when outputting David
and Matt using printf, but with all the names, so that foo ends up being
joined with newlines?

foo=${(F)usernames2}

-- 
Peter Stephenson <pws@csr.com>                  Software Engineer
CSR PLC, Churchill House, Cambridge Business Park, Cowley Road
Cambridge, CB4 0WZ, UK                          Tel: +44 (0)1223 692070


Your mail client is unable to display the latest news from CSR. To access our news copy this link into a web browser:  http://www.csr.com/email_sig.html

Re: joining array elements

[Wataru Kagawa]

I think my example was unclear (Sorry).  Basically, I wanted an  
output that looks like,

David
Matt
Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim

I can get it with,
foo=$( printf '%s\n' David Matt ${(j:[return]:)usernames} )
with the 'globsubst' option turned off.  However, I was trying to  
incorporate your tip, because I wanted to keep that option turned on.

foo=$( printf '%s\n' David Matt ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames} )
gives me no output (with the 'nullglob' option set).

Thanks.

On 2006/01/12, at 20:54, Peter Stephenson wrote:

> Wataru Kagawa wrote:
>> Hi Peter,
>>
>> Thank you for the tip.  I would like to place the expansion into a
>> variable, however, I am having a trouble.
>>
>> % usernames=( Bob Sara Tim )
>> % print -R ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames}
>> Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim
>>
>> However,
>>
>> % foo=$( printf '%s\n' David Matt ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames} )
>> % echo $foo
>
> What effect are you trying to achieve?  The command you show does
> exactly what I expect it to.  Do you mean you want David and Matt  
> added
> in the same way and the result put in foo?
>
> usernames2=(David Matt $usernames)
> foo=${(j:[return]:)~~usernames2}
>
> Or do you mean you want the same effect as you get when outputting  
> David
> and Matt using printf, but with all the names, so that foo ends up  
> being
> joined with newlines?
>
> foo=${(F)usernames2}
>
> -- 
> Peter Stephenson <pws@csr.com>                  Software Engineer
> CSR PLC, Churchill House, Cambridge Business Park, Cowley Road
> Cambridge, CB4 0WZ, UK                          Tel: +44 (0)1223  
> 692070
>
>
> Your mail client is unable to display the latest news from CSR. To  
> access our news copy this link into a web browser:  http:// 
> www.csr.com/email_sig.html

Re: joining array elements

[Wataru Kagawa]

Hi Oliver,

Yes!  $~~foo did the trick.
I am grateful to all the helpful advices.
Thanks again.

Wataru Kagawa

On 2006/01/12, at 21:39, Oliver Kiddle wrote:

> Wataru Kagawa wrote:
>> foo=$( printf '%s\n' David Matt ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames} )
>> gives me no output (with the 'nullglob' option set).
>
> It works for me. How are you going about inspecting the value of the
> variable foo after this?
>
> try
>   echo $~~foo
> or
>   typeset -p foo
>
> Oliver
>
>
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Re: joining array elements

[Peter Stephenson]

Wataru Kagawa wrote:
> I think my example was unclear (Sorry).  Basically, I wanted an  
> output that looks like,
> 
> David
> Matt
> Bob[return]Sara[return]Tim
> 
> I can get it with,
> foo=$( printf '%s\n' David Matt ${(j:[return]:)usernames} )
> with the 'globsubst' option turned off.  However, I was trying to  
> incorporate your tip, because I wanted to keep that option turned on.
> 
> foo=$( printf '%s\n' David Matt ${(j:[return]:)~~usernames} )
> gives me no output (with the 'nullglob' option set).

Are you sure that it's not the nullglob option being applied to the
expansion of $foo?
Try

  print -r "$foo"

You can also do

  usernames=(Bob Sara Tim)
  usernames2=(David Matt ${(j.[return].)~~usernames})
  foo=${(F)~~usernames2}

Come to think of it, simply quoting the values is a bit neater than the
the ~~ flag:

  usernames=(Bob Sara Tim)
  usernames2=(David Matt "${(j.[return].)usernames}")
  foo="${(F)usernames2}"

-- 
Peter Stephenson <pws@csr.com>                  Software Engineer
CSR PLC, Churchill House, Cambridge Business Park, Cowley Road
Cambridge, CB4 0WZ, UK                          Tel: +44 (0)1223 692070


Your mail client is unable to display the latest news from CSR. To access our news copy this link into a web browser:  http://www.csr.com/email_sig.html

Re: joining array elements

[Wataru Kagawa]

Hi Peter,

I am not sure if I understand your question about the nullglob  
option, but regardless of the nullglob option,

   echo $foo

didn't output the right thing.  The difference between having or not  
having the nullglob option was, no output when nullglob option was  
set versus the following output when the nullglob option was turned off.

   zsh: no matches found: David\nMatt\nBob[return]Sara[return]Tim

print -r "$foo" worked under both conditions.  Actually, I wanted to  
pass the value to a command (zsh function), so the two examples you  
gave me,

>   usernames=(Bob Sara Tim)
>   usernames2=(David Matt ${(j.[return].)~~usernames})
>   foo=${(F)~~usernames2}
>
>   usernames=(Bob Sara Tim)
>   usernames2=(David Matt "${(j.[return].)usernames}")
>   foo="${(F)usernames2}"

are exactly what I was looking for.  They work perfectly.

Thank you very much.  I really appreciate all the help.

Wataru Kagawa