repeat 10 { time /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit } O2, optimized (hasher use): /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,189 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,06s system 95% cpu 0,198 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,06s system 94% cpu 0,193 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,06s system 94% cpu 0,200 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,190 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,193 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,190 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,06s system 94% cpu 0,196 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,188 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,12s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,189 total 0.189 + 0.198 + 0.193 + 0.200 + 0.190 + 0.193 + 0.190 + 0.196 + 0.188 + 0.189 => 1.926 / 10 = 0.192 O2, no optimizations: /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,200 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,201 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,209 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,203 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,205 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,15s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,216 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,207 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,06s system 95% cpu 0,208 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,206 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,14s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,199 total 0.200 + 0.201 + 0.209 + 0.203 + 0.205 + 0.216 + 0.207 + 0.208 + 0.206 + 0.199 => 2.054 / 10 = 0.205 O2, additional has_token optimization (more 0.18* results, 5 vs 3) /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,192 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,189 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,191 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,189 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,190 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,06s system 93% cpu 0,203 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,12s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,187 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,12s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,185 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,13s user 0,05s system 95% cpu 0,193 total /usr/local/bin/zsh-5.3.1-dev-0 -i -c exit 0,12s user 0,05s system 94% cpu 0,184 total 0.192 + 0.189 + 0.191 + 0.189 + 0.190 + 0.203 + 0.187 + 0.185 + 0.193 + 0.184 => 1.903 / 10 = 0.190